Comprehensive refertilization of the Archean–Paleoproterozoic lithospheric mantle beneath the northwestern North China Craton: Evidence from in situ Sr isotopes of the Siziwangqi peridotites

doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2020.105822

Lithos

Volumes 380–381, January 2021, 105822

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2020.105822 Get rights and content

Highlights

•
SCLM beneath the northwestern NCC is studied by in situ Sr isotopes of peridotites.
•
There exists the remnants of Archean–Paleoproterozoic lithospheric mantle.
•
SCLM was modified by multiple stages of mantle metasomatism.
•
Refertilization leads to the transformation of Archean–Paleoproterozoic mantle.

Abstract

Petrological observations and in situ major and trace element and Sr isotopic data for spinel-facies harzburgite and lherzolite xenoliths from the Siziwangqi region provide constraints on the nature and evolution of the lithospheric mantle beneath the northwestern North China Craton (NCC). These peridotites can be divided into high-Mg# peridotites (Fo > 91) and low-Mg# peridotites (Fo < 91), according to olivine forsterite (Fo) contents. The high-Mg# peridotites are harzburgites, which are characterized by high Mg# (91.0–91.8), as well as low CaO (0.41–1.17 wt%) and Al₂O₃ (0.62–2.03 wt%) contents. The clinopyroxenes have light rare earth element (LREE) depleted to slightly enriched patterns, and variable but dominantly radiogenic Sr isotopic compositions (0.7031–0.7053). These features indicate that the high-Mg# peridotites are remnants of Archean–Paleoproterozoic refractory lithospheric mantle, which then experienced variable refertilization. In contrast, the low-Mg# peridotites are mainly lherzolites and minor harzburgites, which have low Mg# (89.2–90.9), and high CaO (0.98–3.53 wt%) and Al₂O₃ (1.38–3.85 wt%) contents, relative to the high-Mg# peridotites. The clinopyroxenes in low-Mg# peridotites have similar REE patterns as those in the high-Mg# peridotites, and some grains show increasing LREE contents from core to rim. These clinopyroxenes have relatively depleted Sr isotopic compositions (0.7021–0.7045). The low-Mg# peridotites are interpreted to be the reaction products of high-Mg# peridotites and asthenospheric melts. The lithospheric mantle beneath the Siziwangqi region experienced an earlier metasomatic event related to subduction of Paleo-Asian oceanic materials, as evidenced by the relatively high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (up to 0.7053) and depletion of Rb, Ba, Pb, Nb and Ta in clinopyroxenes. The clinopyroxenes in both high- and low-Mg# peridotites have low (La/Yb)_N and high Ti/Eu ratios, positive correlations between ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and Mg# and Ca/Al, negative correlations between ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and Na₂O, TiO₂, Ti/Eu, and Σ(middle REEs + heavy REEs), and decreasing ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios from core to rim. These observations imply that the lithospheric mantle beneath the Siziwangqi region experienced later multi-stage refertilization by asthenospheric melts. Therefore, we conclude that the lithospheric mantle beneath the northwestern NCC has been comprehensively refertilized by multiple stages of peridotite–melt reactions, similar to the northern margin of the NCC, which had a significant role in the transformation of the lithospheric mantle.

Introduction

Refertilization of the lithospheric mantle commonly refers to episodic infiltration of fertile metasomatic melt/fluid into originally highly refractory protoliths, leading to mineralogical and geochemical re-enrichment and rejuvenation of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) via peridotite–melt/fluid reactions or metasomatism (Foley, 2008; Griffin et al., 2009; Tang et al., 2008, Tang et al., 2011, Tang et al., 2013a; Zhang, 2005, Zhang, 2009; Zhang et al., 2007, Zhang et al., 2009, Zhang et al., 2012; Zou et al., 2016, Zou et al., 2020). In general, the percolating melt/fluid is derived from the asthenosphere (Tang et al., 2008, Tang et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2012; Zou et al., 2016, Zou et al., 2020), subducted slab (Liu et al., 2005; Tang et al., 2007, Tang et al., 2012; Wang et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2003), subducted continental crust (Sun et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2002), or recycled crust (Gao et al., 2004; Tang et al., 2014; Zhang et al., 2010). Compared with depleted mantle peridotite, the metasomatic melt/fluid are typically rich in Fe, Ca, Al, Na, and incompatible trace elements, and depleted in Mg and Ni. As a result, refertilization transforms high-Mg# peridotites to low-Mg# peridotites and leads to the formation of some pyroxenite veins (Griffin et al., 2009; Zhang, 2005, Zhang, 2009; Zhang et al., 2007). Refertilization can also decouple the age of the present-day lithospheric mantle from that of the overlying crust, and rejuvenate the mantle Re single bond Os isotopic data (Griffin et al., 2004; Tang et al., 2013b; Xu et al., 2008; Zhang, 2009; Zhang et al., 2008, Zhang et al., 2009, Zhang et al., 2012). Multi-stage and varying degrees of refertilization contribute to the transformation of old and refractory lithospheric mantle to “young” and fertile lithospheric mantle (Foley, 2008; Tang et al., 2013b; Zhang, 2009; Zhang et al., 2008).

The North China Craton (NCC) is an ideal site to investigate refertilization of the lithospheric mantle. Petrological, geochemical, and Re single bond Os isotopic studies of xenocrysts and mantle xenoliths in Paleozoic kimberlites from Mengyin and Fuxian have demonstrated that the SCLM beneath the NCC was thick (>200 km), cold (geotherm = 36–40 mW/m²), refractory, and old in the Paleozoic (Chu et al., 2009; Gao et al., 2002; Wu et al., 2006; Zhang et al., 2008; Zheng et al., 2001), similar to typical Archean cratons. However, Cenozoic basalt-hosted xenocrysts and mantle xenoliths have revealed the SCLM under the NCC is thin (<80 km), hot (50–105 mW/m²), fertile, and “young” (Chu et al., 2009; Fan et al., 2000; Griffin et al., 1998; Menzies et al., 1993; Rudnick et al., 2004; Xu, 2001; Zhang, 2009; Zheng et al., 2006). It is considered that the geochemical compositions and physical properties of the SCLM beneath the NCC changed dramatically during the Mesozoic (Fan et al., 2000; Gao et al., 2002; Griffin et al., 1998; Menzies et al., 1993; Rudnick et al., 2004; Tang et al., 2013a; Xu, 2001; Zhang, 2009; Zhang et al., 2008; Zheng et al., 2001, Zheng et al., 2006).

Nonetheless, most previous studies have focused on the Eastern Block and the Central Zone of the NCC, and the architecture of the SCLM beneath the Western Block is less well-constrained due to the relative paucity of basalt-hosted mantle xenoliths and xenocrysts since the Cenozoic. Published geophysical data indicate that the current lithospheric thickness of the Western Block is up to 200 km (Chen, 2009, Chen, 2014; Chen et al., 2008), which remains relatively stable like a typical craton. In contrast, the lithospheric thickness of the northwestern NCC is ca. 70–120 km (Chen, 2009, Chen, 2014; Chen et al., 2008), which is obviously different from the typical architecture of cratonic lithospheric mantle. This may imply that considerable modification of the SCLM has occurred beneath the northwestern NCC, similar to the Eastern Block. Therefore, in this study, we report petrological observations and in situ mineral major and trace element and Sr isotopic data for peridotite xenoliths hosted by Cenozoic basalts in the Siziwangqi region (Fig. 1). The aim of this study was to investigate the nature and evolution of the lithospheric mantle beneath the northwestern NCC.

Section snippets

Geological background

The NCC is one of the world's oldest Archean cratons, and contains a crustal nucleus that is 3.8–2.5 Ga in age (Zhai and Santosh, 2011). The NCC is bounded by the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) to the north and Qingling–Dabie–Sulu Ultrahigh-pressure Metamorphic Belt to the south. The NCC is divided into the Eastern and Western blocks and the intervening Trans-North China Orogen (TNCO), with the latter witnessing the collision between the Eastern and Western blocks at ca. 1.85 Ga (Santosh,

Xenolith petrology

The Siziwangqi basalts contain abundant mantle xenoliths, comprising dominantly spinel-facies harzburgites and lherzolites. Forty-five representative peridotite xenoliths selected for this work are rounded in shape, fresh, and range from 2 to 7 cm in size. The peridotites can be classified into two groups based on textures and the forsterite (Fo) contents of olivine: high-Mg# peridotites (Fo > 91) and low-Mg# peridotites (Fo < 91) (Table 1). In the Ol–Opx–Cpx ternary classification diagram (

Analytical methods

In situ major element compositions of olivine, clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and spinel were determined with a JXA-8230 electron microprobe at the State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics (SKL-CD), Northwest University, Xi'an, China. The analyses were performed at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV and beam current of 20 nA, with a beam diameter of 2 μm.

In situ trace element compositions of clinopyroxene were measured with an Agilent 7900 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS)

Major elements

The major element compositions of minerals in the Siziwangqi peridotites are listed in Table S1. Two grains of olivine, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, and spinel in each sample and two points (core and rim) in each grain were analyzed. Most minerals (except for olivine in some samples) are homogeneous on an inter- and intra-granular scale. Thus, with the exception of olivine with compositional zoning and minerals in melt pockets, the data for other minerals presented in Table S1 are average

High-Mg# peridotites

The Archean lithospheric mantle is predominantly composed of highly refractory (Fo > 92.5) harzburgites and rare lherzolites (Boyd, 1989; Griffin et al., 1998), which are considered to be the residues of large degrees of partial melting of PM (Griffin et al., 1999). In general, from Archean through to Proterozoic and to Phanerozoic peridotites, the peridotites become less refractory and the clinopyroxene modal proportion increases (Griffin et al., 1998). In a plot of Fo content vs. modal

Conclusions

Petrological observations, elemental compositions, and in situ Sr isotopic data for the Siziwangqi peridotite xenoliths hosted by Cenozoic basalts, along with previous studies along the northern margin of the NCC, allow us to draw the following conclusions.

(1)
The Siziwangqi high-Mg# peridotites are spinel-facies harzburgites, with relatively high Fo values (>91) and radiogenic Sr (0.7031–0.7053). They are relicts of Archean–Paleoproterozoic lithospheric mantle that have experienced weak

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgements

This research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, China (Grant 41688103). We thank Xiaoqi Zhang and Haibo Zou for assistance with the fieldwork and sample collection. We gratefully acknowledge Wenqiang Yang and Zhian Bao for assistance with the elemental analysis at the SKL-CD, Northwest University. We gratefully thank Zhaochu Hu and Wen Zhang for help with the Sr isotopic analysis at the GPMR, China University of Geosciences.

References (79)

F.R. Boyd
Compositional distinction between oceanic and cratonic lithosphere
Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
(1989)
L. Chen
Lithospheric structure variation between the eastern and central North China Craton from S- and P-receiver function migration
Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.
(2009)
L. Chen et al.
Distinct lateral variation of lithospheric thickness in the Northeastern NCC
Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
(2008)
H.K. Dai et al.
Langshan basalts record recycled Paleo-Asian oceanic materials beneath the northwest North China Craton
Chem. Geol.
(2019)
S. Gao et al.
Re-Os evidence for replacement of ancient mantle lithosphere beneath the North China craton
Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
(2002)
W.L. Griffin et al.
Lithosphere evolution beneath the Kaapvaal Craton: Re-Os systematics of sulfides in mantle-derived peridotites
Chem. Geol.
(2004)
X.L. Huang et al.
Episodic crustal growth in the southern segment of the Trans-North China Orogen across the Archean-Proterozoic boundary
Precambrian Res.
(2013)
P. Jian et al.
Evolution of a Permian intraoceanic arc-trench system in the Solonker suture zone, Central Asian Orogenic Belt, China and Mongolia
Lithos
(2010)
T. Kogiso et al.
Trace element transport during dehydration processes in the subducted oceanic crust: 1. Experiments and implications for the origin of ocean island basalts
Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
(1997)
Y.S. Liu et al.
Melt-peridotite interactions: Links between garnet pyroxenite and high-Mg# signature of continental crust
Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
(2005)

Y.S. Liu et al.

In situ analysis of major and trace elements of anhydrous minerals by LA-ICP-MS without applying an internal standard

Chem. Geol.

(2008)

J.G. Liu et al.

Mapping lithospheric boundaries using Os isotopes of mantle xenoliths: an example from the North China Craton

Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta

(2011)

W.F. McDonough et al.

The composition of the Earth

Chem. Geol.

(1995)

D.C. Presnall et al.

Generation of mid-ocean ridge basalts at pressures from 1 to 7 GPa

Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta

(2002)

F. Princivalle et al.

Ultramafic xenoliths from Damaping (Hannuoba region, NE-China): Petrogenetic implications from crystal chemistry of pyroxenes, olivine and Cr-spinel and trace element content of clinopyroxene

Lithos

(2014)

R.L. Rudnick et al.

Petrology and geochemistry of spinel peridotite xenoliths from Hannuoba and Qixia, North China craton

Lithos

(2004)

M. Santosh

Assembling North China Craton within the Columbia supercontinent: the role of double-sided subduction

Precambrian Res.

(2010)

M. Santosh et al.

Paleoproterozoic ultrahigh-temperature granulites in the North China Craton: Implications for tectonic models on extreme crustal metamorphism

Precambrian Res.

(2012)

M. Sneeringer et al.

Strontium and samarium diffusion in diopside

Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta

(1984)

H. Staudigel et al.

Large scale isotopic Sr, Nd and O isotopic anatomy of altered oceanic crust: DSDP/ ODP sites417/ 418

Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.

(1995)

Y.J. Tang et al.

Lithium isotopic systematics of peridotite xenoliths from Hannuoba, North China Craton: Implications for melt–rock interaction in the considerably thinned lithospheric mantle

Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta

(2007)

Y.J. Tang et al.

Refertilization of ancient lithospheric mantle beneath the central North China Craton: evidence from petrology and geochemistry of peridotite xenoliths

Lithos

(2008)

Y.J. Tang et al.

Slab-derived lithium isotopic signatures in mantle xenoliths from northeastern North China Craton

Lithos

(2012)

Y.J. Tang et al.

Widespread refertilization of cratonic and circum-cratonic lithospheric mantle

Earth Sci. Rev.

(2013)

Y.J. Tang et al.

Highly heterogeneous lithospheric mantle beneath the Central Zone of the North China Craton evolved from Archean mantle through diverse melt refertilization

Gondwana Res.

(2013)

C.Y. Wang et al.

Lithospheric transformation of the northern North China Craton by changing subduction style of the Paleo-Asian oceanic plate: Constraints from peridotite and pyroxenite xenoliths in the Yangyuan basalts

Lithos

(2019)

F.Y. Wu et al.

The chemical-temporal evolution of lithospheric mantle underlying the North China Craton

Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta

(2006)

D. Wu et al.

In-situ trace element and Sr isotopic compositions of mantle xenoliths constrain two-stage metasomatism beneath the northern North China Craton

Lithos

(2017)

Y.G. Xu

Thermo-tectonic destruction of the archaean lithospheric keel beneath the sino-korean craton in China: evidence, timing and mechanism

Phys. Chem. Earth Solid Earth Geod.

(2001)

X.S. Xu et al.

Re-Os isotopes of sulfides in mantle xenoliths from eastern China: progressive modification of lithospheric mantle

Lithos

(2008)

M.G. Zhai et al.

The early Precambrian odyssey of the North China Craton: a synoptic overview

Gondwana Res.

(2011)

H.F. Zhang

Transformation of lithospheric mantle through peridotite-melt reaction: a case of Sino-Korean craton

Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.

(2005)

H.F. Zhang et al.

Secular evolution of the lithosphere beneath the eastern North China Craton: evidence from Mesozoic basalts and high-Mg andesites

Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta

(2003)

H.F. Zhang et al.

Melt-peridotite interaction in the Pre-Cambrian mantle beneath the western North China Craton: Petrology, geochemistry and Sr, Nd and Re isotopes

Lithos

(2012)

H.T. Zhang et al.

Low-δ¹³C carbonates in the Miocene basalt of the northern margin of the North China Craton: Implications for deep carbon recycling

J. Asian Earth Sci.

(2017)

W. Zhang et al.

Improved in situ Sr isotopic analysis by a 257nm femtosecond laser in combination with the addition of nitrogen for geological minerals

Chem. Geol.

(2018)

G.C. Zhao et al.

Metamorphism of basement rocks in the Central Zone of the North China Craton: implications for Paleoproterozoic tectonic evolution

Precambrian Res.

(2000)

G.C. Zhao et al.

Late Archean to Paleoproterozoic evolution of the North China Craton: key issues revisited

Precambrian Res.

(2005)

J.P. Zheng et al.

Relict refractory mantle beneath the eastern North China block: significance for lithosphere evolution

Lithos

(2001)

Cited by (8)

Circum-cratonic mantle archives the cumulative effects of plume and convergence events
2023, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
The cumulative effects of heating, various melts/fluids, and tectonic stress from plume and convergent events can produce complex geochemical signatures in circum-cratonic mantle domains. The lithospheric mantle beneath the northwestern Tarim Craton witnessed the Tarim plume and multi-stage convergent events, thus providing a good opportunity to investigate the depletion and enrichment of circum-craton mantle driven by their cumulative effects. Here, we present the in-situ mineral major/trace elements, clinopyroxene Sr isotopic and whole-rock analyses of platinum group elements and Re-Os isotopes for peridotite xenoliths from Piqiang in the northwestern Tarim Craton. Combined with peridotite xenoliths from Tuoyun (South Tianshan Belt) and Xikeer (inner Tarim), we established a lithospheric mantle profile to constrain the formation and subsequent evolution of the circum-Tarim mantle in response to the subduction of the archipelagic ocean and the impingement of the Tarim plume. The Piqiang peridotites have moderately refractory compositions (Mg# in Ol: 90.1–90.9; average values) and can be divided into Group A lherzolites (subgroups A1, A2 and A3) and Group B wehrlite. Group A1 lherzolites contain copper-poor sulfides and clinopyroxenes depleted in incompatible elements, and are interpreted as melting residua that experienced negligible metasomatism. Group A2 lherzolites have disequilibrium textures and are depleted in Nb and Ta with high Ti/Eu but low (La/Yb)_N ratios in clinopyroxene, demonstrating recent volatile-rich melt metasomatism. Carbonatitic metasomatism from a mixed crust-mantle source is recorded in the Group A3 lherzolites, as their clinopyroxenes have highly variable ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.7028–0.7057) with low Ti/Eu and high (La/Yb)_N. Overall, Group A lherzolites display high initial ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratios (0.1198–0.1271, excluding suprachondritic values), yielding the Neoproterozoic peak (∼650 Ma) T_{RD eruption} model ages and the minimum estimate for the age of lithospheric mantle formation of 1.1 Ga. Their high-Na clinopyroxenes, low-Ca orthopyroxenes, and low melting pressures (<3 GPa) suggest that the initial melt extraction of these peridotites was the result of lateral mantle accretion triggered by multi-stage subduction of the Neoproterozoic Pan-Rodina Ocean. In this case, the greater fertility of the Tuoyun peridotites compared to those from Piqiang defines a trend of lateral accretion, while the low whole-rock Al₂O₃ but high ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratios of the Xikeer peridotites point to a second melt extraction event. This melt extraction event is interpreted as reflecting low-flux plume melts that heated and melted the overlying lithospheric mantle at the edge of the early Permian Tarim plume. Meanwhile, the Piqiang peridotites, further from the center of the Tarim plume, underwent carbonatitic metasomatism originating from the lower-flux plume melts that involved the high-density components from recycled oceanic crustal materials. The mantle melt activity and faulting related to the India-Eurasia collision provided the reactive melts to form the Group B wehrlite and prepared migration pathways for volatile-rich melts to metasomatize Group A2 lherzolites. Collectively, the accretion, re-extraction, and metasomatic modification of circum-craton mantle reflected a response to the cumulative effects of the plume and convergence events. Our study reveals that the mechanical, thermal, and chemical effects from different dynamic events interacted with each another and worked together to affect the circum-craton mantle evolution.
Formation and evolution of lithospheric mantle beneath the Yilan-Yitong fault zone, Northeast China: Constraints from the Shangzhi peridotite xenoliths
2023, Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
Despite numerous studies, the formation and evolution of the lithospheric mantle beneath the Yilan-Yitong fault zone (YYFZ), Northeast China, are still poorly constrained. Here, we use in-situ trace elements and Sr isotopes of clinopyroxene, as well as whole-rock platinum group elements and Re-Os isotopes of the Shangzhi peridotite xenoliths (including spinel lherzolite and harzburgite) within the YYFZ to address the above important issues. Clinopyroxenes in one harzburgite characterized by high Zr/Hf (38.0–59.9), Ca/Al (9.3–13.4), and low Ti/Eu ratios (118–334) can be attributed to carbonatite metasomatism. Clinopyroxenes in some samples that is selectively enriched in light rare earth element exhibits lower Zr/Hf (17.0–46.9), Ca/Al (4.0–7.6), but higher Ti/Eu ratios (2219–4538), which may have been metasomatized by a carbonated silicate melt. The Sr contents and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios for these clinopyroxene grains from the Shangzhi peridotites increase gradually from core to rim, suggesting the addition of radiogenic Sr from the metasomatic melts. Such metasomatic melts are likely derived from subducted carbonate-bearing oceanic crustal components. The ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os ratios of two groups of the Shangzhi peridotites are positively correlated with Al₂O₃, forming two nearly parallel lines, which indicate that the lithospheric mantle beneath the Shangzhi area was formed by partial melting of a fertile mantle precursor with variable ¹⁸⁷Os/¹⁸⁸Os during the Mesoproterozoic time (∼1.4 Ga). The dominance of Mesoproterozoic mantle peridotites in the Shangzhi area suggests that asthenosphere upwelling and lithospheric mantle replacement are not common beneath the YYFZ.
Formation mechanism of the North–South Gravity Lineament in eastern China
2021, Tectonophysics
Gravity lineaments are well recognized along plate boundaries and in the interiors of oceanic plates. However, the formation mechanism of intracontinental gravity lineaments remains poorly understood. The North–South Gravity Lineament (NSGL), which extends >4000 km from Russia to South China, is characterized by an abrupt change in the observed Bouguer gravity anomaly, ranging from −100 mGal in the west to −40 mGal in the east over a distance of <100 km. Here we employ gravity modeling along a deep seismic sounding profile that transects the NSGL to delineate the relative contributions of the thickness and composition of the crustal and upper mantle and the stagnant slab in the mantle transition zone to the observed gravity anomaly, and to ultimately constrain the formation mechanism of the NSGL. Our results indicate that crustal thickness is the dominant factor in the formation of the NSGL, with lithospheric composition also playing a role. Combining our results with those of previous studies, lateral variations in the lithospheric mantle composition and crustal/lithospheric thickness across the NSGL can be attributed to lithospheric thinning and mantle replacement in the eastern part of the North China Craton during the late Mesozoic. This was triggered by the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate and subsequently led to the persistence of a stagnant slab and big mantle wedge. This study highlights the fundamental need for integrated geophysical–petrological analyses to better understand the surface response to deep tectonic processes.
Geochemical evidence for the generation of intraplate basalts from a carbonated eclogite source: A case study from Cenozoic Siziwangqi basalts
2023, Yanshi Xuebao/Acta Petrologica Sinica
Lithospheric mantle provinces and crust-mantle decoupling beneath northeastern China: Insights from peridotite xenoliths
2023, Bulletin of the Geological Society of America
Geochronology and petrogenesis of the early Silurian Zeluo mafic-ultramafic intrusion, eastern Tibet: implications for the tectonic setting and evolution of the eastern Proto-Tethys Ocean
2023, International Geology Review

View all citing articles on Scopus

View full text

Research ArticleComprehensive refertilization of the Archean–Paleoproterozoic lithospheric mantle beneath the northwestern North China Craton: Evidence from in situ Sr isotopes of the Siziwangqi peridotites

Highlights

Abstract

Introduction

Section snippets

Geological background

Xenolith petrology

Analytical methods

Major elements

High-Mg# peridotites

Conclusions

Declaration of Competing Interest

Acknowledgements

Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.

Phys. Earth Planet. Inter.

Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.

Chem. Geol.

Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.

Chem. Geol.

Precambrian Res.

Lithos

Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.

Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.

Chem. Geol.

Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta

Chem. Geol.

Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta

Lithos

Lithos

Precambrian Res.

Precambrian Res.

Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta

Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.

Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta

Lithos

Lithos

Earth Sci. Rev.

Gondwana Res.

Lithos

Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta

Lithos

Phys. Chem. Earth Solid Earth Geod.

Lithos

Gondwana Res.

Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.

Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta

Lithos

J. Asian Earth Sci.

Chem. Geol.

Precambrian Res.

Precambrian Res.

Lithos

Research Article
Comprehensive refertilization of the Archean–Paleoproterozoic lithospheric mantle beneath the northwestern North China Craton: Evidence from in situ Sr isotopes of the Siziwangqi peridotites