Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

A review of the role of genetic factors in Guillain–Barré syndrome

  • Published:
Journal of Molecular Neuroscience Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy syndrome. Several genetic and environmental risk factors have been recognized for GBS. AS GBS is an immune-related disorder, abnormal functions of T cells, production of autoantibodies, and dysregulation of gene expression have been detected in GBS patients. Based on the critical role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) in the regulation of immune responses, HLA alleles are among the mostly investigated loci in GBS. A number of polymorphisms within different genes, especially those linked with the regulation of immune responses, have been associated with GBS in different populations. Moreover, several studies have demonstrated abnormal expression of cytokine-coding genes in this disorder. Investigations in the animal model of GBS have also verified the aberrant regulation of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cytokines. In the current review, we describe the information about the role of these factors in GBS.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ali ZPM, Taheri M, Sangsefidi S, Arsang-Jang S, Mazdeh M, Zamani A, Ghafouri-Fard S, Eftekharian MM (2020) Evaluation of expression of STAT genes in immune-mediated polyneuropathies. J Mol Neurosci 70(6):945–952

  • Bansil S, Mithen F, Cook S, Sheffet A, Rohowsky-Kochan C (1991) Clinical correlation with serum-soluble interleukin-2 receptor levels in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Neurology 41:1302–1302

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barzegar M, Rouhi AHJ, Farhoudi M, Sardashti S (2012) A report of a probable case of familial Guillain–Barré syndrome. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 15:299

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Blum S, Mccombe PA (2014) Genetics of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP): current knowledge and future directions. J Peripher Nerv Syst 19:88–103

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blum S, Reddel S, Spies J, Mccombe P (2013) Clinical features of patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome at seven hospitals on the East Coast of Australia. J Peripher Nerv Syst 18:316–320

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blum S, Csurhes P, Reddel S, Spies J, Mccombe P (2014) Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor and their HLA ligands in Guillain–Barré syndrome. J Neuroimmunol 267:92–96

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blum S, Ji Y, Pennisi D, Li Z, Leo P, Mccombe P, Brown MA (2018) Genome-wide association study in Guillain–Barré syndrome. J Neuroimmunol 323:109–114

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Breville G, Lascano AM, Roux-Lombard P, Lalive PH (2019) IL-8 as a potential biomarker in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Eur Cytokine Netw 30:130–134

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Caporale CM, Papola F, Fioroni MA, Aureli A, Giovannini A, Notturno F, Adorno D, Caporale V, Uncini A (2006) Susceptibility to Guillain–Barré syndrome is associated to polymorphisms of CD1 genes. J Neuroimmunol 177:112–118

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chalon M, Sindic C, Laterre E-C (1993) Serum and CSF levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptors in MS and other neurological diseases: a reappraisal. Acta Neurol Scand 87:77–82

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chang K-H, Chuang T-J, Lyu R-K, Ro L-S, Wu Y-R, Chang H-S, Huang C-C, Kuo H-C, Hsu W-C, Chu C-C (2012) Identification of gene networks and pathways associated with Guillain–Barré syndrome. PLoS One 7:e29506

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chang K-H, Lyu R-K, Ro Y-S, Chen Y-C, Ro L-S, Chang H-S, Huang C-C, Liao M-F, Wu Y-R, Kuo H-C (2016) Increased serum concentrations of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 461:8–13

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cornejo-Olivas M, Valdivia-Silva J, Poterico JA, Sanchez C, Hidalgo M, Villanueva I, Jaramillo-Valverde L, Mazzetti P, Levano KS, Cornejo M (2019) Guillain–Barré syndrome outbreak in Peru: association with polymorphisms in IL-17, ICAM1, and CD1. Mol Genet Genomic Med 7(10):e00960

  • Creange A, Belec L, Clair B, Raphaël J-C, Gherardi R (1996) Circulating tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and soluble TNF-α receptors in patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome. J Neuroimmunol 68:95–99

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Creange A, Sharshar T, Planchenault T, Christov C, Poron F, Raphael J-C, Gherardi R (1999) Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is increased and correlates with severity in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Neurology 53:1683–1683

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Csurhes P, Sullivan A, Green K, Pender M, Mccombe P (2005) T cell reactivity to P0, P2, PMP-22, and myelin basic protein in patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 76:1431–1439

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Dahle C, Ekerfelt C, Vrethem M, Samuelsson M, Ernerudh J (1997) T helper type 2 like cytokine responses to peptides from P0 and P2 myelin proteins during the recovery phase of Guillain–Barré syndrome. J Neurol Sci 153:54–60

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dahle C, Kvarnström M, Ekerfelt C, Samuelsson M, Ernerudh J (2003) Elevated number of cells secreting transforming growth factor β in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Apmis 111:1095–1104

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Das A, Khurshid S, Hayat S, Ahmed R, Islam Z (2020) Glucocorticoid receptor gene polymorphisms in Guillain–Barré syndrome. J Neuroimmunol 348:577388

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Debnath M, Nagappa M, Subbanna M, Sundaravadivel P, Talukdar PM, Shivakumar V, Wahatule R, Dutta D, Binukumar B, Sinha S (2018a) Th17 pathway signatures in a large Indian cohort of Guillain–Barré syndrome. J Neuroimmunol 323:125–130

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Debnath M, Nagappa M, Talukdar PM, Subbanna M, Sundaravadivel P, Shivakumar V, Dutta D, Wahatule R, Sinha S, Bindu PS (2018b) Comprehensive cytokine profiling provides evidence for a multi-lineage Th responses in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Cytokine 110:58–62

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Debnath M, Nagappa M, Dutta D, Talukdar PM, Subbanna M, Shivakumar V, Wahatule R, Sinha S, Bindu PS, Periyavan S (2020) Evidence of altered Th17 pathway signatures in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome. J Clin Neurosci 75:176–180

  • Demestre M, Parkin-Smith G, Petzold A, Pullen A (2005) The pro and the active form of matrix metalloproteinase-9 is increased in serum of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 159:146–154

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Deng H, Yang X, Jin T, Wu J, Hu LS, Chang M, Sun XJ, Adem A, Winblad B, Zhu J (2008) The role of IL-12 and TNF-α in AIDP and AMAN. Eur J Neurol 15:1100–1105

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Desurkar A, Lin J-P, Mills K, Al-Sarraj S, Jan W, Jungbluth H, Wraige E (2009) Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease 1A with superimposed inflammatory polyneuropathy in children. Neuropediatrics 40:85–88

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Doncel-Pérez E, Mateos-Hernández L, Pareja E, García-Forcada Á, Villar M, Tobes R, Ganuza FR, Del Sol VV, Ramos R, De Mera IGF (2016) Expression of early growth response gene-2 and regulated cytokines correlates with recovery from Guillain–Barré syndrome. J Immunol 196:1102–1107

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Du Y, Zhang G, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Ma R, Zhang L, Fan F, Li Y, Wang M, Lv H (2015) Toll-like receptor 2 and-4 are involved in the pathogenesis of the Guillain–Barré syndrome. Mol Med Rep 12:3207–3213

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elkarim RA, Dahle C, Mustafa M, Press R, Zou L-P, Ekerfelt C, Ernerudh J, Link H, Bakhiet M (1998) Recovery from Guillain–Barré syndrome Is associated with increased levels of neutralizing autoantibodies to interferon-γ. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 88:241–248

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fekih-Mrissa N, Mrad M, Riahi A, Sayeh A, Zaouali J, Gritli N, Mrissa R (2014) Association of HLA-DR/DQ polymorphisms with Guillain–Barré in Tunisian patients. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 121:19–22

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Geleijns K, Brouwer B, Jacobs B, Houwing-Duistermaat J, Van Duijn C, Van Doorn P (2004) The occurrence of Guillain–Barré syndrome within families. Neurology 63:1747–1750

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Geleijns K, Schreuder GMT, Jacobs BC, Sintnicolaas K, Van Koningsveld R, Meulstee J, Laman JD, Van Doorn PA (2005) HLA class II alleles are not a general susceptibility factor in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Neurology 64:44–49

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Geleijns K, Emonts M, Laman JD, Van Rijs W, Van Doorn PA, Hermans PW, Jacobs BC (2007) Genetic polymorphisms of macrophage-mediators in Guillain–Barré syndrome. J Neuroimmunol 190:127–130

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harness J, Mccombe PA (2008) Increased levels of activated T-cells and reduced levels of CD4/CD25+ cells in peripheral blood of Guillain–Barré syndrome patients compared to controls. J Clin Neurosci 15:1031–1035

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hartung H-P, Hughes R, Taylor W, Heininger K, Reiners K, Toyka K (1990) T cell activation in Guillain–Barré syndrome and in MS: Elevated serum levels of soluble IL-2 receptors. Neurology 40:215–215

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hasan ZN, Zalzala HH, Mohammedsalih HR, Mahdi BM, Abid LA, Shakir ZN, Fadhel MJ (2014) Association between human leukocyte antigen-DR and demylinating Guillain–Barré syndrome. Neurosciences (Riyadh) 19:301–305

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayat S, Jahan I, Das A, Hassan Z, Howlader ZH, Mahmud I, Deen Mohammad Q, Islam Z (2019) Human leukocyte antigen-DQB1 polymorphisms and haplotype patterns in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Ann Clin Trans Neurol 6:1849–1857

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayat S, Ahmad O, Mahmud I, Howlader MZH, Islam Z (2020) Association of matrix metalloproteinase-9 polymorphism with severity of Guillain–Barré syndrome. J Neurol Sci 415:116908

  • Hohnoki K, Inoue A, Koh C-S (1998) Elevated serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-4 and TNF-α/unelevated serum levels of IL-10 in patients with demyelinating diseases during the acute stage. J Neuroimmunol 87:27–32

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Horiuchi I, Ochi H, Murai H, Osoegawa M, Minohara M, Furuya H, Kira J-I (2001) Th2 shift in mononeuritis multiplex and increase of Th2 cells in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: an intracellular cytokine analysis. J Neurol Sci 193:49–52

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hu W, Dehmel T, Pirhonen J, Hartung H-P, Kieseier BC (2006) Interleukin 23 in acute inflammatory demyelination of the peripheral nerve. Arch Neurol 63:858–864

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huang S, Li L, Liang S, Wang W (2009) Conversion of peripheral CD4+ CD25− T cells to CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells by IFN-γ in patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome. J Neuroimmunol 217:80–84

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Huang P, Xu M, He X-Y (2020) Correlations between microRNA-146a and immunoglobulin and inflammatory factors in Guillain–Barré syndrome. J Int Med Res 48:0300060520904842

    CAS  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jahan I, Ahammad RU, Farzana KS, Khalid MM, Islam MB, Rahman MI, Nahar S, Kabir Y, Mohmmad QD, Islam Z (2017) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-863C/A polymorphism is associated with Guillain–Barré syndrome in Bangladesh. J Neuroimmunol 310:46–50

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jander S, Stoll G (2001) Interleukin-18 is induced in acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. J Neuroimmunol 114:253–258

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jiao H, Wang W, Wang H, Wu Y, Wang L (2012) Tumor necrosis factor alpha 308 G/A polymorphism and Guillain–Barré syndrome risk. Mol Biol Rep 39:1537–1540

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Junior MED, Ferreira LC, Freire-Neto FP, Jeronimo SM (2016) No association between FCGR2A and FCGR3A polymorphisms in Guillain–Barré syndrome in a Brazilian population. J Neuroimmunol 298:160–164

    Google Scholar 

  • Kharwar N, Prasad K, Singh K, Paliwal V, Modi D (2017) Polymorphisms of IL-17 and ICAM-1 and their expression in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Int J Neurosci 127:680–687

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kieseier B, Clements J, Pischel H, Wells G, Miller K, Gearing A, Hartung HP (1998) Matrix metalloproteinases MMP-9 and MMP-7 are expressed in experimental autoimmune neuritis and the Guillain–Barré syndrome. Ann Neurol 43:427–434

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Korn-Lubetzki I, Argov Z, Raas-Rothschild A, Wirguin I, Steiner I (2002) Family with inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and the HNPP 17p12 deletion. Am J Med Genet 113:275–278

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuijf ML, Geleijns K, Ennaji N, Van Rijs W, Van Doorn PA, Jacobs BC (2008) Susceptibility to Guillain–Barré syndrome is not associated with CD1A and CD1E gene polymorphisms. J Neuroimmunol 205:110–112

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kun Han R, Feng Cheng Y, Shan Zhou S, Guo H, Dong He R, Jun Chi L, Ming Zhang L (2014) Increased circulating Th17 cell populations and elevated CSF osteopontin and IL-17 concentrations in patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome. J Clin Immunol 34:94–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurz M, Pischel H, Hartung HP, Kieseier BC (2005) Tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme is expressed in the inflamed peripheral nervous system. J Peripher Nerv Syst 10:311–318

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li H, Yuan J, Hao H, Yan Z, Wang S (2000) HLA alleles in patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome. Chin Med J 113:429–432

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li S, Yu M, Li H, Zhang H, Jiang Y (2012) IL-17 and IL-22 in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma are elevated in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Mediators Inflamm 2012: 260473

  • Li C, Zhao P, Sun X, Che Y, Jiang Y (2013) Elevated levels of cerebrospinal fluid and plasma interleukin-37 in patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome. Mediators Inflamm 2013:639712

  • Li C, Luo T, Cheng Y, Liu S, Qiao L, Wu X, Liu K (2020) The effects of IVIg therapy on serum levels of neuropeptide Y and cytokines in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Neurol Sci 41:295–303

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liang S-L, Wang W-Z, Huang S, Wang X-K, Zhang S, Wu Y (2012) Th17 helper cell and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3 involvement in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 34:1039–1046

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu AM, Xu Z, Shek FH, Wong K-F, Lee NP, Poon RT, Chen J, Luk JM (2014) miR-122 targets pyruvate kinase M2 and affects metabolism of hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 9:e86872

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Liu H, Zhang W, Tian F-F, Kun A, Zhou W-B, Xiao B, Li J (2015) IL-35 Is Involved in the pathogenesis of Guillain–Barré syndrome through Its influence on the function of CD4+ T cells. Immunol Investig 44:566–577

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu H, Xing Y, Guo Y, Liu P, Zhang H, Xue B, Shou J, Qian J, Peng J, Wang R (2016) Polymorphisms in exon 2 of CD1 genes are associated with susceptibility to Guillain–Barré syndrome. J Neurol Sci 369:39–42

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lv Z, Shi Q, Huang W, Xing C, Hao Y, Feng X, Yang Y, Zhang A, Kong Q, Yuki N (2016) MicroRNA expression profiling in Guillain–Barré syndrome. J Neuroimmunol 301:12–15

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ma J, Nishimura M, Mine H, Kuroki S, Nukina M, Ohta M, Saji H, Obayashi H, Kawakami H, Saida T (1998) Genetic contribution of the tumor necrosis factor region in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Ann Neurol 44:815–818

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maddur MS, Stephen-Victor E, Das M, Prakhar P, Sharma VK, Singh V, Rabin M, Trinath J, Balaji KN, Bolgert F (2017) Regulatory T cell frequency, but not plasma IL-33 levels, represents potential immunological biomarker to predict clinical response to intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. J Neuroinflammation 14:58

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Magira EE, Papaioakim M, Nachamkin I, Asbury AK, Li CY, Ho TW, Griffin JW, McKhann GM, Monos DS (2003) Differential distribution of HLA-DQ beta/DR beta epitopes in the two forms of Guillain–Barré syndrome, acute motor axonal neuropathy and acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP): identification of DQ beta epitopes associated with susceptibility to and protection from AIDP. J Immunol 170:3074–3080

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maimone D, Annunziata P, Simone I, Livrea P, Guazzi G (1993) Interleukin-6 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. J Neuroimmunol 47:55–61

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mansour LA, Girgis MY, Abdulhay M, Eleinein EIA, Elhawary R, Hanna MOF (2016) Polymorphisms of immunoglobulin G Fc receptors in pediatric Guillain–Barré syndrome. Neuropediatrics 47:151–156

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mccombe PA, Csurhes PA, Greer JM (2006) Studies of HLA associations in male and female patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). J Neuroimmunol 180:172–177

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mckhann G, Cornblath D, Griffin J, Ho T, Li C, Jiang Z, Wu H, Zhaori G, Liu Y, Jou L (1993) Acute motor axonal neuropathy: a frequent cause of acute flaccid paralysis in China. Ann Neurol 33:333–342

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Monos DS, Papaioakim M, Ho TW, Li CY, Mckhann GM (1997) Differential distribution of HLA alleles in two forms of Guillain–Barré syndrome. J Infect Dis 176(Suppl 2):S180–S182

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Naik KR, Saroja AO, Patil BP (2012) Familial Guillain–Barré syndrome: first Indian report. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 15:44

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Nicoletti F, Créange A, Orlikowski D, Bolgert F, Mangano K, Metz C, Di Marco R, Al Abed Y (2005) Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) seems crucially involved in Guillain–Barré syndrome and experimental allergic neuritis. J Neuroimmunol 168:168–174

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nyati KK, Prasad KN, Verma A, Paliwal VK (2010a) Correlation of matrix metalloproteinases-2 and-9 with proinflammatory cytokines in Guillain–Barré syndrome. J Neurosci Res 88:3540–3546

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nyati KK, Prasad KN, Verma A, Singh AK, Rizwan A, Sinha S, Paliwal VK, Pradhan S (2010b) Association of TLR4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms with Guillain–Barré syndrome in Northern Indian population. J Neuroimmunol 218:116–119

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nyati KK, Prasad KN, Rizwan A, Verma A, Paliwal VK (2011) TH1 and TH2 response to Campylobacter jejuni antigen in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Arch Neurol 68:445–452

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ossege L, Sindern E, Voss B, Malin JP (2000) Expression of TNFα and TGFβ1 in Guillain–Barré syndrome: correlation of a low TNFα-/TGFβ1-mRNA ratio with good recovery and signs for immunoregulation within the cerebrospinal fluid compartment. Eur J Neurol 7:17–25

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peng J, Zhang H, Liu P, Chen M, Xue B, Wang R, Shou J, Qian J, Zhao Z, Xing Y (2018) IL-23 and IL-27 levels in serum are associated with the process and the recovery of Guillain–Barré syndrome. Sci Rep 8:1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Prasad KN, Nyati KK, Verma A, Rizwan A, Paliwal VK (2010) Tumor necrosis factor–α polymorphisms and expression in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Hum Immunol 71:905–910

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Press R, Deretzi G, Zou L, Zhu J, Fredman P, Lycke J, Link H, Andersson M, Toft J, Larsson A (2001) IL-10 and IFN-γ in Guillain–Barré syndrome. J Neuroimmunol 112:129–138

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Press R, Ozenci V, Kouwenhoven M, Link H (2002) Non-TH1 cytokines are augmented systematically early in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Neurology 58:476–478

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pritchard J, Makowska A, Gregson NA, Hayday AC, Hughes RA (2007) Reduced circulating CD4+ CD25+ cell populations in Guillain–Barré syndrome. J Neuroimmunol 183:232–238

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Radhakrishnan V, Sumi M, Reuben S, Mathai A, Nair M (2004) Serum tumour necrosis factor-α and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptors levels in patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome. Acta Neurol Scand 109:71–74

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rahman MI, Jahan I, Khalid MM, Jahan I, Ahammad RU, Nahar S, Islam Z (2018) CD1A and CD1E gene polymorphisms are not associated with susceptibility to Guillain–Barré syndrome in the Bangladeshi population. J Neuroimmunol 314:8–12

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rees JH, Vaughan RW, Kondeatis E, Hughes RA (1995) HLA-class II alleles in Guillain–Barré syndrome and Miller Fisher syndrome and their association with preceding Campylobacter jejuni infection. J Neuroimmunol 62:53–57

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reuben S, Sumi M, Mathai A, Nair M, Radhakrishnan V (2003) Intravenous immunoglobulin reduces serum tumor necrosis factor a in patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome. Neurol India 51:487

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rezaei S, Ghafouri-Fard S, Komaki A, Mazdeh M, Taheri M, Eftekharian MM (2020) Increased levels of IL-34 in acquired immune-mediated neuropathies. J Mol Neurosci 2020

  • Sainaghi PP, Collimedaglia L, Alciato F, Leone MA, Naldi P, Molinari R, Monaco F, Avanzi GC (2010) The expression pattern of inflammatory mediators in cerebrospinal fluid differentiates Guillain–Barré syndrome from chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. Cytokine 51:138–143

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sangsefidi S, Ghafouri-Fard S, Komaki A, Mazdeh M, Taheri M, Eftekharian MM (2020) High levels of Il-19 in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. J Mol Neurosci 2020

  • Saunders M, Rake M (1965) Familial Guillain–Barré syndrome. Lancet 2::1106–1107

  • Schirmer L, Worthington V, Solloch U, Loleit V, Grummel V, Lakdawala N, Grant D, Wassmuth R, Schmidt A, Gebhardt F (2016) Higher frequencies of HLA DQB1* 05: 01 and anti-glycosphingolipid antibodies in a cluster of severe Guillain–Barré syndrome. J Neurol 263:2105–2113

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Senanayake M, Wanigasinghe J, Gamaethige N, Dissanayake P (2012) A case of possible familial Guillain–Barré syndrome. Ceylon Medical J 55(4):135–136

  • Sindern E, Schweppe K, Ossege LM, Malin JP (1996) Potential role of transforming growth factor-β1 in terminating the immune response in patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome. J Neurol 243:264–268

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sinha S, Prasad KN, Jain D, Nyati KK, Pradhan S, Agrawal S (2010) Immunoglobulin IgG Fc-receptor polymorphisms and HLA class II molecules in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Acta Neurol Scand 122:21–26

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sivieri S, Ferrarini A, Lolli F, Matà S, Pinto F, Tavolato B, Gallo P (1997) Cytokine pattern in the cerebrospinal fluid from patients with GBS and CIDP. J Neurol Sci 147:93–95

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Subramanian S, Tus K, Li Q-Z, Wang A, Tian X-H, Zhou J, Liang C, Bartov G, Mcdaniel LD, Zhou XJ (2006) A Tlr7 translocation accelerates systemic autoimmunity in murine lupus. Proc Natl Acad Sci 103:9970–9975

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tekgül H, Kütükçüler N, Cağlayan S, Tütüncüoğlu S (1998) Pro-inflammatory cytokines, lymphocyte subsets and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Turk J Pediatr 40:357–363

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Der Pol W-L, Van Den Berg L, Scheepers R, Van Der Bom J, Van Doorn P, Van Koningsveld R, Van Den Broek M, Wokke J, Van De Winkel J (2000) IgG receptor IIa alleles determine susceptibility and severity of Guillain–Barré syndrome. Neurology 54:1661–1665

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Van Sorge NM, Van Der Pol W-L, Jansen MD, Geleijns KP, Kalmijn S, Hughes RA, Rees JH, Pritchard J, Vedeler CA, Myhr K-M (2005) Severity of Guillain–Barré syndrome is associated with Fcγ receptor III polymorphisms. J Neuroimmunol 162:157–164

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vedeler CA, Raknes G, Myhr KM, Nyland H (2000) IgG Fc-receptor polymorphisms in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Neurology 55:705–707

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y-Z, Liang Q-H, Ramkalawan H, Wang Y-L, Yang Y-F, Zhou W-B, Tian F-F, Li J, Yang H (2012) Expression of Toll-like receptors 2, 4 and 9 in patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome. Neuroimmunomodulation 19:60–68

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y-Z, Feng X-G, Shi Q-G, Hao Y-L, Yang Y, Zhang A-M, Kong Q-X (2013a) Silencing of miR155 promotes the production of inflammatory mediators in Guillain–Barré syndrome in vitro. Inflammation 36:337–345

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y-Z, Tian F-F, Liu H, Zhang W, Li J, Xiao B, Zhou W-B (2013b) Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is necessary for the lipo-oligosaccharide-induced response by modulation of Toll-like receptor 4 in monocytes from GBS patients. J Neuroimmunol 257:67–75

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wu L-Y, Zhou Y, Qin C, Hu B-L (2012) The effect of TNF-alpha, FcγR and CD1 polymorphisms on Guillain–Barré syndrome risk: evidences from a meta-analysis. J Neuroimmunol 243:18–24

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xu J, Gao C, Zhang F, Ma X, Peng X, Zhang R, Kong D, Simard AR, Hao J (2016) Differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs identified by microarray analysis in GBS patients vs healthy controls. Sci Rep 6:21819

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yin P-Q, Sun Y-Y, Chen H-P, Li G-Z, Zhong D (2016) Genome-wide gene expression analysis of peripheral leukocytes in relation to the male predominance of Guillain–Barré syndrome: differential gene expression between male and female patients. Int J Neurosci 126:531–541

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yoshii F, Shinohara Y (2000) Impaired interleukin-2 response of mononuclear cells in Guillain–Barré syndrome. Eur J Neurol 7:303–307

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang X, Xia J, Ye H (2000) Effect of Tripterygium polyglycoside on interleukin-6 in patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 20:332–334 (Chinese journal of integrated traditional and Western medicine)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J, Dong H, Li B, Li C-Y, Guo L (2007) Association of tumor necrosis factor polymorphisms with Guillain–Barré syndrome. Eur Neurol 58:21–25

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang H-L, Zheng X-Y, Zhu J (2013) Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cytokines in Guillain–Barré syndrome and experimental autoimmune neuritis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 24:443–453

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang D-Q, Wang R, Li T, Zhou J-P, Chang G-Q, Zhao N, Yang L-N, Zhai H, Yang L (2016) Reduced soluble RAGE is associated with disease severity of axonal Guillain–Barré syndrome. Sci Rep 6:21890

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang L-J, Guo H-Y, Zhang D-Q, Wang R, Li T, Li L-M, Suo D-M, Yang L (2017) Analysis of serum interleukin-27 and interleukin-35 concentrations in patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 468:5–9

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang L, Liu L, Li H, Guo L, Yu Q, Teng J (2018) Association of CD1 and FcγR gene polymorphisms with Guillain–Barré syndrome susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Neurol Sci 39:2141–2149

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang D-Q, Deng Y, Zhang L-J, Li L-M, Qi Y, Wang J, Wang R, Zhai H, Zhao P, Yang L (2019) Elevated resistin levels may regulate high mobility group box 1 expression in Guillain–Barré syndrome. J Neuroimmunol 330:59–66

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam

    Amin Safa

  2. Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Tahereh Azimi, Arezou Sayad & Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard

  3. Urogenital Stem Cell Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Taheri

Authors
  1. Amin Safa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tahereh Azimi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Arezou Sayad
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mohammad Taheri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Mohammad Taheri or Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Safa, A., Azimi, T., Sayad, A. et al. A review of the role of genetic factors in Guillain–Barré syndrome. J Mol Neurosci 71, 902–920 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-020-01720-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-020-01720-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation