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Combined effects of wall slip and nanofluid on interfacial transport from a thin-film evaporating meniscus in a microfluidic channel

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Abstract

An improved comprehensive semi-analytical model is devised and postulated to unveil the underlying physics of thin-film evaporating dynamics in a microfluidic channel using Al2O3 water nanofluid as working liquid with/without porous coating layer of nanoparticles. The model uses the mass transport equation based on the kinetic theory and the Young–Laplace equation for pressure differential and incorporates the slip boundary condition on the wall of the channel. It reveals that the wall slip is a crucial parameter that increases the cumulative heat transfer with decreased thickness of the thin-film evaporating meniscus. Furthermore, mainly three volume fractions 0.5%, 1%, and 2% has been considered in the present work and it is observed that nanofluid plays an important role in the increment of heat flux which is about 31% with the volume fraction of 2% and 25 nm diameter particles when only enhanced thermophysical properties are considered without slip. However, it exaggerates the results by 29% when porous coating layer of nanoparticles is neglected. It is also noticed that a porous coating layer deposited by the nanoparticles can even reduce the heat transfer phenomenon. Moreover, for a given combination of nanoparticle diameter and volume fraction, increase in the thermal resistance may reach up to an extent that even increased thermal conductivity cannot counteract it and hence, the heat transfer obtained using nanofluid can be worse than the heat transfer obtained using the base liquid water alone.

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Abbreviations

A :

Dispersion constant, J

C a :

Accommodation coefficient

D :

Constant

d :

Diameter, m

h l :

Latent heat of vaporization, J/kg

K p :

Permeability of the porous coating layer, m2

k :

Conductivity (thermal), W/m K

k B :

Boltzmann’s constant, 1.38 × 10−23 J/K

\(\dot{m}_{x}\) :

Mass flow rate of liquid/width, kg/m s

\(m_{\text{ev}}\) :

Evaporative mass flux, kg/m2 s

\(\tilde{M}\) :

Molecular weight, kg/mol

P :

Pressure, Pa

Pr:

Prandtl number

q″:

Heat flux, W/m2

R c :

Interfacial radius of curvature, m

\(\tilde{R}\) :

Universal gas constant, J/mol K

Re:

Reynolds number

t nl :

Thickness of nanolayer, m

T :

Temperature, K

∆T :

Wall superheat, K

u :

Velocity along x-direction, m/s

V l :

Molar volume of bulk liquid, m3/mol

x, y :

x- and y-coordinate, respectively, m

α :

Ratio in Eq. 32

β :

Slip coefficient

γ :

Constant

χ :

Ratio in Eq. 32

δ :

Thin-film thickness, m

δ 0 :

Film thickness of non-evaporating region, m

δ′:

First derivative

δ″:

Second derivative, m−1

µ :

Dynamic viscosity, Pa s

ε :

Porosity

ν :

Kinematic viscosity, m2/s

ρ :

Density, kg/m3

σ :

Surface tension coefficient, N/m

ϕ :

Volume fraction of nanoparticles

cp:

Capillary

dp:

Disjoining

e:

Equivalent

l:

Liquid

net:

Net effective

nl:

Nanolayer between nanoparticle and base liquid

p:

Nanoparticles

pw:

Porous coating layer at wall

δi :

Vapor–liquid interface

v:

Vapor

w:

Wall

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826004, India

    Ritesh Dwivedi & Pawan K. Singh

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Silchar, 788010, Assam, India

    Sukumar Pati

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  1. Ritesh Dwivedi
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  3. Pawan K. Singh
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Correspondence to Pawan K. Singh.

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Dwivedi, R., Pati, S. & Singh, P.K. Combined effects of wall slip and nanofluid on interfacial transport from a thin-film evaporating meniscus in a microfluidic channel. Microfluid Nanofluid 24, 84 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10404-020-02390-y

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