Abstract
Alkaline ring complexes are widely distributed in the south Eastern Desert (SED) of Egypt, but their petrogenesis and geodynamic settings are a matter of many discussions. In this contribution, mineral chemistry, and whole-rock geochemical data of the Maladob intrusive rocks were used to investigate their petrogenesis. The Maladob ring complex is a small alkaline intrusion in the SED of Egypt, composed of oversaturated syenite, quartz syenites and peralkaline granite. The rocks consist of K-feldspar (Or94–97) and albite (An0-1), alkali amphiboles (arfvedsonite and ferro-katophorite), sodic pyroxene (aegirine), with accessory aenigmatite, zircon, apatite, ilmenite, magnetite and titanite. Geochemically, the rocks are peralkaline, show distinctive geochemical characteristics such as low contents of CaO, MgO, Sr and high contents of alkalis, Rb, Nb, Y, and REE, typical of A-type granites. The rocks are weakly to moderately fractionated with a general enrichment in LREE [(La/Sm)N = 2.96–3.64]. Typically, the Maladob rocks are classified as within plate granites and exhibit A1 subtype characteristics. We suggest that the Maladob rocks were formed from a similar OIB-like mafic magma by fractional crystallization. The fractionation of feldspars and mafic minerals play a significant role during magma evolution. During the Mesozoic intraplate magmatism, the upwelling of asthenosphere causes underplating of lithospheric OIB-like magma which was subjected to prolonged fractional crystallization to produce the Maladob syenites and peralkaline granite.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdalla HM (2006) An overview on the REE-mineralized alkaline granites in Egypt, with special reference to the Abu Khruq and Gara El Hamra Bodies. Resource Geol 3:365–370. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-3928.2006.tb00289.x
Abdalla HM, Helba H, Matsueda H (2009) Chemistry of zircon in rare metal granitoids and associated rocks, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Resource Geol 59:51–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-3928.2008.00079.x
Abdel-Karim A-AM (1992) Fluorite granites from southwest Sinai of Egypt, with particular reference to the A-type. Acta Mineral Petrogr 33:57–65
Abdel-Karim A-AM (2021) Neoproterozoic ophiolitic and arc metavolcanics of Egyptian Nubian Shield. In: Hamimi Z, Arai S, Th JA-R, El-Bialy M (eds) The geology of the Egyptian-Nubian Shield. Regional Geology Reviews. Springer, Switzerland, pp 209–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49771-2_8
Abdel-Karim A-AM, Arva-Sos E (2000) Geochemical characteristics and K-Ar ages dating of some granitoid rocks from south Eastern Desert. Egypt Egypt J Geol 44:305–318
Abdel-Karim A-AM, Ali S, Helmy HM, El-Shafei SA (2016) A fore-arc setting of the Gerf ophiolite, Eastern Desert, Egypt: evidence from mineral chemistry and geochemistry of ultramafites. Lithos 263:52–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2016.05.023
Abdel-Rahman AM (2006) Petrogenesis of anorogenic peralkaline granitic complexes from eastern Egypt. Min Magn 70:27–50. https://doi.org/10.1180/0026461067010311
Azer MK (2007) Tectonic significance of late precambrian calc-alkaline and alkaline magmatism in Saint Katherina area, Southern Sinai, Egypt. Geol Acta 5:255–272
Azer MK, Obeid MA, Ren M (2014) Geochemistry and petrogenesis of late Ediacaran (605–580 Ma) post-collisional alkaline rocks from the Katherina ring complex, south Sinai, Egypt. J Asian Earth Sci 93:229–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.07.028
Azer MK, Abdelfadil KM, Asimow PD, Khalil AE, Bozkurt E (2019) Tracking the transition from subduction-related to post-collisional magmatism in the north Arabian-Nubian Shield: a case study from the Homrit Waggat area of the Eastern Desert of Egypt. Geol J. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.3643
Bartoli O, Meli S, Bergomi MA, Sassi R, Magaraci D, Liu D-Y (2015) Geochemistry and zircon U-Pb geochronology of magmatic enclaves in trachytes from the Euganean Hills (NE Italy): further constraints on Oligocene magmatism in the eastern Southern Alps. Eur J Mineral 27:161–174
Black R, Lameyre J, Bonin B (1985) Alkaline ring complexes in Africa The structural setting of alkaline complexes. J Afr Earth Sc 3:5–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(85)90019-3
Bonin B (2007) A-type granites and related rocks: evolution of a concept, problems and prospects. Lithos 97:1–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2006.12.007
Bonin B, Giret A (1985) Alkaline ring complexes in Africa Clinopyroxene compositional trends in oversaturated and undersaturated alkaline ring complexes. J Afr Earth Sci 3:175–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(85)90035-1
Breiter K, Lamarao CN, Borges RMK, Dall’Agnol R (2014) Chemical characteristics of zircon from A-type granites and comparison to zircon of S-type granites. Lithos 192:208–225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos2014.02.004
Dall’Agnol R, Frost CD, Rämö OT (2012) IGCP Project 510 “A-type Granites and Related Rocks through Time”: project vita, results, and contribution to granite research. Lithos 151:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2012.08.003
de Gruyter P, Vogel TA (1981) A model for the origin of the alkaline complexes of Egypt. Nature 291:571. https://doi.org/10.1038/291571a0
De la Roche H, Leterrier J, Grandclaude P, Marchal M (1980) A classification of volcanic and plutonic rocks using R1-R2-diagram and major-element analyses-Its relationships with current nomenclature. Chem Geol 29:183–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(80)90020-0
Droop G (1987) A general equation for estimating Fe3 + concentrations in ferromagnesian silicates and oxides from microprobe analyses, using stoichiometric criteria. Min Magn 51:431–435
Eby GN (1990) The A-type granitoids: a review of their occurrence and chemical characteristics and speculations on their petrogenesis. Lithos 26:115–134
Eby GN (1992) Chemical subdivision of the A-type granitoids: petrogenetic and tectonic implications. Geology 20:641–644. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020%3c0641:csotat%3e2.3.co;2
El Ramly MF (1985) The ring complexes of the Eastern Desert of Egypt. J Afr Earth Sc 3:77–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(85)90024-7
El Shazly EM (1977) The Geology of the Egyptian Region. In: Nairn AEM, Kanes WH, Stehli FG (eds) The Ocean Basins and Margins: Volume 4A The Eastern Mediterranean. Springer US, Boston, MA, pp 379-444. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-3036-3_10
El-nisr SA, Saleh GM (2001) Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the late jurassic-early cretaceous mansouri ring complex, Southeastern Desert, Egypt. J Afr Earth Sci 32:87–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5362(01)90020-X
El-Sayed MM, Mohamed FH, Furnes H (2004) Petrological and geochemical constraints on the evolution of late Pan-African Bakriya post-orogenic ring complex, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen. J Mineral Geochem 180:1–32. https://doi.org/10.1127/0077-7757/2004/0180-0001
Farahat ES, Zaki R, Hauzenberger C, Sami M (2011) Neoproterozoic calc-alkaline peraluminous granitoids of the Deleihimmi pluton, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt: implications for transition from late- to post-collisional tectonomagmatic evolution in the northern Arabian-Nubian Shield. Geol J 46:544–560. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.1289
Feng Y et al (2017) Preservation and exhumation history of the Harizha-Halongxiuma mining area in the East Kunlun Range. Ore Geol Rev 90:1018–1031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2016.12.029
Frisch W, Abdel-Rahman AM (1999) Petrogenesis of the Wadi Dib alkaline ring complex, Eastern Desert of Egypt. Min Petrol 65:249–275. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01161963
Frost CD, Frost BR (2011) On Ferroan (A-type) Granitoids: their compositional variability and modes of origin. J Petrol 52:39–53. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egq070
Frost BR, Barnes CG, Collins WJ, Arculus RJ, Ellis DJ, Frost CD (2001) A geochemical classification for granitic rocks. J Petrol 42:2033–2048. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/42.11.2033
Garson MS, Krs M (1976) Geophysical and geological evidence of the relationship of Red Sea transverse tectonics to ancient fractures. Geol Soc Am Bull 87:169–181
Green TH (1995) Significance of Nb/Ta as an Indicator of geochemical processes in the crust-mantle system. Chem Geol 120:347–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(94)00145-X
Hans Wedepohl K (1995) The composition of the continental crust. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59:1217–1232. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(95)00038-2
Harrison TM, Watson EB (1984) The behavior of apatite during crustal anatexis—equilibrium and kinetic considerations. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 48:1467–1477. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(84)90403-4
Hashad AH, El Reedy MWM (1979) Geochronology of the anorogenic alkalic rocks, South Eastern Desert, Egypt. Ann Geol Survey Egypt 9:81–101
Hawthorne FC, Oberti R, Harlow GE, Maresch WV, Martin RF, Schumacher JC, Welch MD (2012) Nomenclature of the amphibole supergroup. Am Miner 97:2031–2048. https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2012.4276
Keskin M (2002) FC-modeler: a Microsoft (R) Excel (c) spreadsheet program for modeling Rayleigh fractionation vectors in closed magmatic systems. Comput Geosci 28:919–928. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0098-3004(02)00010-9
King PL, White AJR, Chappell BW, Allen CM (1997) Characterization and origin of aluminous A-type granites from the Lachlan Fold Belt, Southeastern Australia. J Petrol 38:371–391
Kunzmann T (1999) The aenigmatite-rhonite mineral group. Eur J Mineral 11:743–756
Landoll JD, Foland KA, Henderson CMB (1994) Nd isotopes demonstrate the role of contamination in the formation of coexisting quartz and nepheline syenites at the Abu Khruq complex, Egypt. Contribut Min Petrol 117:305–329. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00310871
Leake BE et al (1997) Report. nomenclature of amphiboles: report of the subcommittee on amphiboles of the international mineralogical association commission on new minerals and mineral names. Min Mag 61:295–321
Li X, Zhang C, Behrens H, Holtz F (2020) Calculating amphibole formula from electron microprobe analysis data using a machine learning method based on principal components regression. Lithos. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2020.105469
Liégeois J-P, Navez J, Hertogen J, Black R (1998) Contrasting origin of post-collisional high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonitic versus alkaline and peralkaline granitoids. The use of sliding normalization. Lithos 45:1–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-4937(98)00023-1
Linnen RL, Keppler H (2002) Melt composition control of Zr/Hf fractionation in magmatic processes. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 66:3293–3301. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(02)00924-9
Litvinovsky BA, Steele IM, Wickham SM (2000) Silicic magma formation in overthickened crust: melting of charnockite and leucogranite at 15, 20 and 25 kbar. J Petrol 41:717–737. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/41.5.717
Lutz TM, Foland KA, Faul H, Srogi L (1988) The strontium and oxygen isotopic record of hydrothermal alteration of syenites from the Abu Khruq complex, Egypt. Contribut Mineral Petrol 98:212–223. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00402113
Mahdy NM, Ntaflos T, Pease V, Sami M, Slobodník M, Abu Steet AA, Abdelfadil KM, Fathy D (2020) Combined zircon U-Pb dating and chemical Th–U–total Pb chronology of monazite and thorite, Abu Diab A-type granite, Central Eastern Desert of Egypt: Constraints on the timing and magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of rare metal granitic magmatism in the Arabian Nubian Shield. Geochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemer.2020.125669
Maniar PD, Piccoli PM (1989) Tectonic discrimination of granitoids. Geol Soc Am Bull 101:635–643. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101%3c0635:Tdog%3e2.3.Co;2
Martin RF (2006) A-type granites of crustal origin ultimately result from open-system fenitization-type reactions in an extensional environment. Lithos 91:125–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2006.03.012
Maurin J-C, Guiraud R (1993) Basement control in the development of the early cretaceous West and Central African rift system. Tectonophysics 228:81–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(93)90215-6
McDonough WF, Ss Sun (1995) Chemical evolution of the Mantle. The composition of the Earth. Chem Geol 120:223–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(94)00140-4
Meneisy MY (1986) Mesozoic igneous activity in Egypt, Qatar. Univ Sci Bull 6:317–328
Meneisy MY, Kreuzer H (1974) Potassium-argon ages of nepheline syenite ring complexes in Egypt Geologisches Jahrbuch. Hannover D9:33–39
Mogahed MM (2016) Petrogenesis of cogenetic silica-oversaturated and -undersaturated syenites of Abu Khruq ring complex, South Eastern Desert, Egypt. J Afr Earth Sci 124:44–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2016.09.010
Moghazi AKM et al (2012) Geochemistry, geochronology, and Sr-Nd isotopes of the Late Neoproterozoic Wadi Kid volcano-sedimentary rocks, Southern Sinai, Egypt: implications for tectonic setting and crustal evolution. Lithos 154:147–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2012.07.003
Mohamed FH (1998) Geochemistry and petrogenesis of El Gezira ring complex, Egypt: a monzosyenite cumulate derived from fractional crystallization of trachyandesitic magma. J Volcanol Geoth Res 84:103–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(98)00034-1
Moreno JA, Molina JF, Montero P, Abu Anbar M, Scarrow JH, Cambeses A, Bea F (2014) Unraveling sources of A-type magmas in juvenile continental crust: constraints from compositionally diverse Ediacaran post-collisional granitoids in the Katerina Ring Complex, southern Sinai, Egypt. Lithos 192–195:56–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2014.01.010
Morimoto N (1988) Nomenclature of pyroxenes. Min Petrol 39:55–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01226262
Obeid MA, Lalonde AE (2013) The geochemistry and petrogenesis of the late cretaceous Abu Khuruq Alkaline complex, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Canad Mineral 51:537–558. https://doi.org/10.3749/canmin.51.4.537
O’Halloran DA (1985) Rased Dom migrating ring complex: A-type granites and syenites from the Bayuda Desert, Sudan. J Afr Earth Sci 3:61–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(85)90023-5
Omar GI, Kohn BP, Lutz TM, Faul H (1987) The cooling history of silurian to cretaceous alkaline ring complexes, south Eastern Desert, Egypt, as revealed by fission-track analysis. Earth Planet Sci Lett 83:94–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(87)90054-9
Papoutsa A, Pe-Piper G (2014) Geochemical variation of amphiboles in A-type granites as an indicator of complex magmatic systems: wentworth pluton, Nova Scotia, Canada. Chem Geol 384:120–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2014.07.001
Patiño Douce AE, Roden MF, Chaumba J, Fleisher C, Yogodzinski G (2011) Compositional variability of terrestrial mantle apatites, thermodynamic modeling of apatite volatile contents, and the halogen and water budgets of planetary mantles. Chem Geol 288:14–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.05.018
Pearce JA, Harris NBW, Tindle AG (1984) Trace Element Discrimination Diagrams for the Tectonic Interpretation of Granitic Rocks. J Petrol 25:956–983. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/25.4.956
Pe-Piper G (2007) Relationship of amphibole composition to host-rock geochemistry: the A-type gabbro-granite Wentworth pluton, Cobequid shear zone, eastern Canada. Eur J Mineral 19:29–38. https://doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2007/0019-0029
Plá Cid J, Nardi LVS, Conceição H, Bonin B (2001) Anorogenic alkaline granites from northeastern Brazil: major, trace, and rare earth elements in magmatic and metamorphic biotite and Na-mafic minerals. J Asian Earth Sci 19:375–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1367-9120(00)00051-1
Platt RG, Woolley AR (1986) The mafic mineralogy of the peralkaline syenites and granites of the Mulanje complex, Malawi. Mineral Mag 50:85–99. https://doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1986.050.355.12
Ressetar R, Nairn AEM, Monrad JR (1981) Two phases of cretaceous—tertiary magmatism in the eastern desert of Egypt: paleomagnetic, chemical and K-Ar evidence. In: Illies JH (ed) Developments in Geotectonics, vol 17. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 169–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-41956-9.50019-8
Rudnick RL, Gao S (2003) 3.01—Composition of the Continental Crust A2—Holland, Heinrich D. In: Turekian KK (ed) Treatise on geochemistry. Pergamon, Oxford, pp 1–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/03016-4
Saleh GM (2006) Geologic relationships and mineralization of peralkaline/alkaline granite-syenite of the Zargat Na’ am ring complex, Southeastern Desert, Egypt. Chin J Geochem 25:97–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02872169
Salih M-A, Abdallsamed M-I-M, Ma C-Q, Mustafa H-A, Ahmed H-A, Wang L-X (2020) Genesis of alkaline-peralkaline A-type granite from El Dair complex, SW Arabian-Nubian Shield, Sudan: geochronology, geochemistry and isotopic constraints. Arab J Geosci 13:42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-019-5034-4
Sami M, Ntaflos T, Farahat ES, Mohamed HA, Ahmed AF, Hauzenberger C (2017) Mineralogical, geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopes characteristics of fluorite-bearing granites in the Northern Arabian-Nubian Shield, Egypt: constraints on petrogenesis and evolution of their associated rare metal mineralization. Ore Geol Rev 88:1–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.04.015
Sami M, Ntaflos T, Farahat ES, Mohamed HA, Hauzenberger C, Ahmed AF (2018) Petrogenesis and geodynamic implications of Ediacaran highly fractionated A-type granitoids in the north Arabian-Nubian Shield (Egypt): constraints from whole-rock geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotopes. Lithos 304–307:329–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2018.02.015
Sami M, Mahdy NM, Ntaflos T, Fathy D (2020) Composition and origin of Ti–Nb–Ta–Zr bearing minerals in the Abu Diab highly evolved granite from the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt. J Afr Earth Sci. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2020.103808
Scaillet B, Macdonald R (2001) Phase relations of peralkaline silicic magmas and petrogenetic implications. J Petrol 42:825–845. https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/42.4.825
Scaillet B, Macdonald R (2006) Experimental constraints on pre-eruption conditions of pantelleritic magmas: evidence from the Eburru complex, Kenya Rift. Lithos 91:95–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2006.03.010
Scaillet B, Holtz F, Pichavant M (2016) Experimental constraints on the formation of silicic magmas. Elements 12:109–114. https://doi.org/10.2113/gselements.12.2.109
Schönenberger J, Marks M, Wagner T, Markl G (2006) Fluid–rock interaction in autoliths of agpaitic nepheline syenites in the Ilímaussaq intrusion, South Greenland. Lithos 91:331–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2006.03.024
Serencsits CM, Faul H, Foland KA, Hussein AA, Lutz TM (1981) Alkaline ring complexes in Egypt: their ages and relationship in time. J Geophys Res 86:3009–3013. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB086iB04p03009
Shellnutt GJ, Wang CY, Zhou MF, Yang Y (2009) Zircon Lu–Hf isotopic compositions of metaluminous and peralkaline A-type granitic plutons of the Emeishan large igneous province (SW China): constraints on the mantle source. J Asian Earth Sci 35:45–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2008.12.003
Ss Sun, McDonough WF (1989) Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes. Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ 42:313–345. https://doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1989.042.01.19
Stern RJ (2002) Crustal evolution in the East African Orogen: a neodymium isotopic perspective. J Afr Earth Sci 34:109–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5362(02)00012-X
Stern RJ (2018) Neoproterozoic formation and evolution of Eastern Desert continental crust–the importance of the infrastructure-superstructure transition. J Afr Earth Sci 146:15–27
Stern RJ, Gottfried D (1989) Discussion of the paper ‘late pan-african magmatism and crustal development in northeastern Egypt’. Geol J 24:371–374. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.3350240409
Tiepolo M, Oberti R, Vannucci R (2002) Trace-element incorporation in titanite: constraints from experimentally determined solid/liquid partition coefficients. Chem Geol 191:105–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00151-1
Turner SP, Foden JD, Morrison RS (1992) Derivation of some a-type magmas by fractionation of basaltic Magma—an example from the Padthaway Ridge, South Australia. Lithos 28:151–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(92)90029-X
Vail JR (1989) Ring complexes and related rocks in Africa. J Afr Earth Sci 8:19–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0899-5362(89)80006-5
van den Haute P (1984) Fission-track ages of apatites from the Precambrian of Rwanda and Burundi: relationship to East African rift tectonics. Earth Planet Sci Lett 71:129–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(84)90059-1
Wang R, Xu Z, Santosh M, Liang F, Fu X (2017) Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of the Early Paleozoic intermediate and mafic intrusions in the South Qinling Belt, Central China: constraints from geochemistry, zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotopes. Tectonophysics 712–713:270–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2017.05.021
Watson EB, Harrison TM (1983) Zircon saturation revisited - temperature and composition effects in a variety of crustal magma types. Earth Planet Sci Lett 64:295–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(83)90211-X
Weaver SD, Gibson IL, Houghton BF, Wilson CJN (1990) Mobility of rare earth and other elements during crystallization of peralkaline silicic lavas. J Volcanol Geoth Res 43:57–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(90)90044-G
Whalen JB, Hildebrand RS (2019) Trace element discrimination of arc, slab failure, and A-type granitic rocks. Lithos. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2019.105179
Whalen JB, Currie KL, Chappell BW (1987) A-type granites - geochemical characteristics, discrimination and petrogenesis. Contrib Miner Petrol 95:407–419. https://doi.org/10.1007/Bf00402202
Yavuz F (2013) WinPyrox: a windows program for pyroxene calculation classification and thermobarometry. Am Mineral 98:1338–1359. https://doi.org/10.2138/am.2013.4292
Zhang X, Guo F, Zhang B, Zhao L, Wu Y, Wang G, Alemayehu M (2020) Magmatic evolution and post-crystallization hydrothermal activity in the early cretaceous pingtan intrusive complex, SE China: records from apatite geochemistry. Contrib Miner Petrol 175:35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00410-020-1675-2
Acknowledgments
The first author (A. Abdel-Karim) thanks Dr. Gamal Abdel-Gawad, a senior geologist at the EGSMA, Cairo, who kindly helped during the field trip and collection of samples. The authors also want to thank Prof. Wolf-Christian Dullo (Editor-in-Chief), Prof. Jean-François Moyen (Topic Editor), Prof. Bernard Bonin and an anonymous reviewer for their critical reading, constructive comments and suggestions; these led to significant improvements of the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Abdel-Karim, AA., Azer, M. & Sami, M. Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of the Maladob ring complex in the South Eastern Desert, Egypt: new insights from mineral chemistry and whole-rock geochemistry. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 110, 53–80 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-020-01937-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-020-01937-2