Abstract
Replication-coupled (RC) nucleosome assembly is an essential process in eukaryotic cells to maintain chromatin structure during DNA replication. The deposition of newly-synthesized H3/H4 histones during DNA replication is facilitated by specialized histone chaperones. CAF-1 is an important histone chaperone complex and its main subunit, Cac1p, contains a PIP and WHD domain for interaction with PCNA and the DNA, respectively. While Cac1p subunit was extensively studied in different systems much less is known regarding the importance of the PIP and WHD domains in replication fork progression and genome stability. By exploiting a time-lapse microscopy system for monitoring DNA replication in individual live cells, we examined how mutations in these Cac1p domains affect replication fork progression and post-replication characteristics. Our experiments revealed that mutations in the Cac1p WHD domain, which abolished the CAF-1–DNA interaction, slows down replication fork progression. In contrast, mutations in Cac1p PIP domain, abolishing Cac1p–PCNA interaction, lead to extended late-S/Anaphase duration, elevated number of RPA foci and increased spontaneous mutation rate. Our research shows that Cac1p WHD and PIP domains have distinct roles in high replisome progression and maintaining genome stability during cell cycle progression.
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adapted from Fig. 2 and are presented for comparison with the cac1 PIP and WHD mutants. Significance was determined by Monte Carlo resampling and p values relative to WT are shown. The number of cells analyzed for each strain and all median values and statistical results are shown in Table S1
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Israeli Science foundation (ISF) grant numbers 1340/17 and 2359/18, the German-Israeli Foundation (GIF) grant number 1-1425-415.13/2017, the Binational Science Foundation (BSF-NSF) grant number 2019617 and the European research training network (ITN, Horizon 2020) ES-cat grant number 722610.
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Tsirkas, I., Dovrat, D., Lei, Y. et al. Cac1 WHD and PIP domains have distinct roles in replisome progression and genomic stability. Curr Genet 67, 129–139 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-020-01113-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00294-020-01113-8