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The Panadella chert (Montmaneu Formation): a high-quality raw material in the Abric Romaní sequence (NE Iberian Peninsula)

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14 March 2023 Article was modified to correct the capturing of the author name Bruno Gómez de Soler.

Abstract

The Montmaneu Formation is located at the NE margin of the Ebro Basin (Catalonia, Spain), and is dated to the Rupelian (Lower Oligocene). It is formed by 120 m of light grey stratified limestones with bedded-nodular chert, the Panadella chert, associated with the La Segarra lacustrine system.

This chert is macroscopically characterized by very fine-grained, homogeneous, opaque greenish black colors, containing bioclasts that generate mudstone-wackestone textures. Thin-sections show a micro-cryptocrystalline quartz matrix with micritic calcite, abundant charophytes, and scattered detrital quartz. These features confer excellent qualities for knapping, as attested by its suitability for manufacturing stone-tools throughout the Abric Romaní sequence (Capellades, Barcelona).

The Abric Romaní rock shelter has approximately 50 m of sedimentary infilling ranging from 110 to 40 ka BP. The archaeological assemblages recovered in several levels from 50 to 55 ka BP present this chert as lithic manuports. The Panadella lithotype is scarcely exploited in most of the levels, although differential management strategies are observed. At an intra-assemblage level, there are no differences in the technical strategies for the exploitation of the Panadella chert when compared with other chert lithotypes. Diachronically, however, the Abric Romaní sequence shows a tendency of the Panadella chert to increase when complex reduction methods based on predetermination (e.g., Levallois) are dominant.

As we have demonstrated by means of geoarcheological surveys, the Panadella chert was procured in primary formations, confirming the increase in the procurement radius of the Neanderthals who occupied the Abric Romaní site to about 24 km.

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  • 14 March 2023

    Article was modified to correct the capturing of the author name Bruno Gómez de Soler.

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Acknowledgments

Thanks go to all the archeologists who participated in the Abric Romaní fieldwork. Many thanks to O. Oms and P. Rodríguez-Salgado for their help in some figures and to Rupert Glasgow for the English revision of the manuscript. Authors thank to the Editor Patrick Schmidt and two anonymous reviewers for their suggestions and comments that helped to significantly improve this manuscript.

Funding

The Catalonian Government for concession of the Quadrennial Project CLT009/18/00054, research groups SGR2017-859 and SGR2017-836 (AGAUR), MINECO projects PID2019-103987GB-C31 and PGC2018-093925-B-C32, and SI1-PJI-2019-00488 project funded by Comunidad de Madrid and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. M.S. is beneficiary of the 2019 Tomas y Valiente programme. A.B. received a postdoctoral grant from the EU (Marie Sklodowska-Curie Action grant agreement PREKARN no. 702584). The research of BGdS, JV, MGCH, and MV is funded by the ‘CERCA Program/Generalitat de Catalunya.’

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Zona Educacional 4, Campus Sescelades URV (Edifici W3), 43007, Tarragona, Spain

    Bruno Gómez de Soler, Josep Vallverdú, M. Gema Chacón & Manuel Vaquero

  2. Departament d’Història i Història de l’Art, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Avinguda de Catalunya 35, 43002, Tarragona, Spain

    Bruno Gómez de Soler, Josep Vallverdú, M. Gema Chacón & Manuel Vaquero

  3. MIAS. Madrid Institute for Advanced Study. Casa Velázquez. Ciudad Universitaria C/ de Paul Guinard, 3, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    María Soto

  4. Dpto. Prehistoria y Arqueología. Fac. Filosofía y Letras, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    María Soto & Francesca Romagnoli

  5. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid C/Einstein, 13 Pabellón C 1a planta, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    María Soto

  6. Institute of Archaeology, University College London, Gordon Square 31-34, London, WC1HOPY, Great Britain

    Amèlia Bargalló

  7. UMR7194–HNHP (CNRS–MNHN–UPVD–Sorbonne Universités), Musée de l’Homme, 17 Place du Trocadéro, 75016, Paris, France

    M. Gema Chacón

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  1. Bruno Gómez de Soler
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Gómez de Soler, B., Soto, M., Vallverdú, J. et al. The Panadella chert (Montmaneu Formation): a high-quality raw material in the Abric Romaní sequence (NE Iberian Peninsula). Archaeol Anthropol Sci 12, 252 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-020-01198-9

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