Abstract
In order to investigate the variation regularity of coal mass electrical resistivity in a complex stress environment, a real-time testing system of resistivity variation regularities of coal under loading was established in this study. Through this testing system, resistivity variations of coal mass under uniaxial compression, cyclic loading, multi-stage loading, stress relaxation, and creep loading were tested, respectively. Also, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was carried out on coal mass. Ultimately, the variation characteristics and micro-mechanism of coal mass resistivity under different loading modes were discussed in depth. The research results indicated that the electrical resistivity of the coal mass varies with stress under different loading modes. The results also suggested that there are great correlations between axial stress, axial strain, and resistivity. Furthermore, it was found that the variation regularity of coal mass electrical resistivity changes with the change of pore structure during mechanical loading. Considering the variations of the axial stress and porosity during uniaxial compression, it was also demonstrated that the electrical resistivity of the coal mass is dominated by its pore structure and characteristics.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cao SG, Liu YB, Zhang LQ, Jiang YD (2007) Experimental on acoustic emission of outburst-hazardous coal under uniaxial compression and creep. J China Coal Soc 12:1264–1268. https://doi.org/10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2007.12.008
Chen G, Lin Y (2004) Stress–strain–electrical resistance effects and associated state equations for uniaxial rock compression. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 41(2):223–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(03)00092-3
Chen JD, Liu ZY (1982) Dielectric physics. China Machine Press, Beijing
Chen P, Wang EY (2013) Variation regularities and mechanism of coal resistivity in gas adsorption desorption process. Disaster Adv 6(S3):257–271
Chen JJ, Jiang HL, Zhang YG, Zhang T (2011) Study on coal conductive properties of different coal structure. Coal Sci Technol 39(07):90–92+101. https://doi.org/10.13199/j.cst.2011.07.96.chenjj.025
Chen P, Wang EY, Zhu YF (2013) Experimental study on resistivity variation regularities of loading coal. J China Coal Soc 38(4):548–553. https://doi.org/10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2013.04.001
Chen P, Yang T, Chen XX, Liu YJ, Li XL, Zhang KX (2019a) Experimental study on electrical characteristics of gassy coal during extrusion process in different stage. Arab J Geosci 12(14):430–438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-019-4587-6
Chen YL, Zuo JP, Liu DJ, Wang ZB (2019b) Deformation failure characteristics of coal–rock combined body under uniaxial compression: experimental and numerical investigations. Bull Eng Geol Environ 78(5):3449–3464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-018-1336-0
Dong GW (2013) Acoustic emission (AE) propagation attenuation theory and rule in non-perfect elastic coal and rock. Appl Mech Mater 477-478:620–623. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.477-478.620
Feng ZC, Wang C, Dong D, Zhao D, Zhou D (2018) Experimental study of the characteristic changes of coal resistivity during the gas adsorption/desorption process. Adv Mater Sci Eng 2013:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1450187
Glover PWJ, Gómez JB, Meredith PG (2000) Fracturing in saturated rocks undergoing triaxial deformation using complex electrical conductivity measurements: experimental study. Earth Planet Sci Lett 183:201–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(00)00267-3
Gong FQ, Yan JY, Luo S, Li XB (2019) Investigation on the linear energy storage and dissipation laws of rock materials under uniaxial compression. Rock Mech Rock Eng 52(12):4237–4255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-019-01842-4
Jiang WL, Liu Y (2009) Study on variation of electrical resistivity under uniaxial pressure environment for rocks. J Geol 33(03):299–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-1098(71)90619-3
Jin HW, Hu QT, Liu YB (2011) Failure mechanism of coal and gas outburst initiation. Procedia Eng 26:1352–1360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.2311
Kahraman S, Alber M (2006) Predicting the physico-mechanical properties of rocks from electrical impedance spectroscopy measurements. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 43(4):543–553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2005.09.013
Khalil M, Islam F, Akon E (2015) Gamma and resistivity logs for characterization of Gondwana coal seams at the Northwestern part of Bangladesh. Arab J Geosci 8(9):6497–6506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-014-1687-1
Lei DJ, Zhao CG, Zhang YG, Liu S (2018) Experimental study on characteristics of water containing coal complex resistivity dispersion. J Loss Prevent Proc 56:328–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2018.09.011
Li N, Wang EY, Zhao EL, Ma YK, Xu FL, Qian WH (2010) Experiment on acoustic emission of rock damage and fracture under cyclic loading and multi-stage loading. J China Coal Soc 35(07):1099–1103. https://doi.org/10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2010.07.030
Li JH, Lin PR, Xu BL, Meng QK, Li D (2013) Study on multifunctional electromagnetic prospecting technology in mineral exploration. Adv Mater Res 734-737:178–182. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.734-737.178
Li XC, Lu WD, Meng YY, Liu Y, Nie BS, Chen XH, Zhu FF (2018) Effects of microscopic pore structure and coal composition on coal resistivity. J Min Saf Eng 5(01):221–228. https://doi.org/10.13545/j.cnki.jmse.2018.01.030
Li N, Huang BX, Zhang X, Tan YY, Li BL (2019) Characteristics of microseismic waveforms induced by hydraulic fracturing in coal seam for coal rock dynamic disasters prevention. Saf Sci 115:188–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2019.01.024
Liu YJ, Li XL, Li ZH, Chen P, Tao Y (2019) Experimental study of the surface potential characteristics of coal containing gas under different loading modes (uniaxial, cyclic and graded). Eng Geol 249:102–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.12.013
Lu FC, Gao JL, Liu JJ, Zhang XB, Wang CX, Liu YP (2019) Characterization of the coal pore system by resistivity and NMR methods. Energ Source Part A 20:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2019.1651427
Maillet R (1947) The fundamental equations of electrical prospecting. Geophysics 12(4):529–556. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1437342
Meng L, Liu MJ, Wang YG (2010) Study on the rules of electrical resistivity variation of tectonic coal in uniaxial compression experiment. J China Coal Soc 35(12):2028–2032. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1876-3804(11)60004-9
Meng L, Liu MJ, Jiang YD, Zhao YX, Wang YG (2012) Experimental research on the electrical parameters of coal mass under load. Proceedings of the 12th ISRM International Congress on Rock Mechanics 741-746. https://doi.org/10.1201/b11646-134
Nie BS, He XQ, Zhu C (2009) Study on mechanical property and electromagnetic emission during the fracture process of combined coal-rock. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science 1(1):281–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2009.09.045
Nie BS, Liu XF, Yang LL, Meng JQ, Li XC (2015) Pore structure characterization of different rank coals using gas adsorption and scanning electron microscopy. Fuel 158:908–917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.06.050
Patil PA, Gorek M, Folberth M, Hartmann A, Forgang SW, Fulda C, Reinicke KM (2010) Electrical resistivity and permittivity measurements of oil base muds in the frequency range from 1 MHz to 100 MHz. SPE Drill Complet 25(03):380–390. https://doi.org/10.2118/118802-PA
Qi TY, Feng GR (2017) Resistivity and AE response characteristics in the failure process of CGB under uniaxial loading. Adv Mater Sci Eng 2017:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7857590
Qin YP, Wang L, Li BB, Cui LJ (2010) Study on the law of porosity change of coal and rock in compression experiment. Min Eng Res 25(01):1–3
Qin T, Duan YW, Sun HG, Wang L, Liu HL (2020) Mechanical characteristics and energy dissipation characteristics of sandstone under triaxial stress conditions. J China Coal Soc:1–8. https://doi.org/10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2019.1393
Revil A, Woodruff WF, Torres-Verdín C, Prasad M (2013) Complex conductivity tensor of anisotropic hydrocarbon-bearing shales and mudrocks. Geophysics 78(6):D403–D418. https://doi.org/10.1190/geo2013-0100.1
Song B, Zhang S, Zhang DS, Fan GW (2018) Inorganic cement grouting for reinforcing triangular zone of highly gassy coal face with large mining height. Energies 11(10):2549. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11102549
Triantis D, Anastasiadis C, Stavrakas I (2008) The correlation of electrical charge with strain on stressed rock samples. Nat Hazard Earth Syst Sci 8(6):1243–1248. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-1243-2008
Tyburczy JA, Roberts J (1990) Low frequency electrical response of polycrystalline olivine compacts: Grain boundary transport. Geophys Res Lett 17(11):1985–1988. https://doi.org/10.1029/GL017i011p01985
Wang YG, Wei JP, Song Y (2011) Experimental research on electrical parameters variation of loaded coal. Procedia Eng 26:890–897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.2252
Wang YH, Liu YF, Ma HT (2012) Changing regularity of rock damage variable and resistivity under loading condition. Saf Sci 50(4):718–722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2011.08.046
Wang EY, Chen P, Li ZH, Shen RX, Xu JK, Zhu YF (2014) Resistivity response in complete stress-strain process of loaded coal. J China Coal Soc 39(11):2220–2225. https://doi.org/10.13225/j.cnki.jccs.2013.1070
Xu WB, Hou YB, Song WD, Zhou YP, Yin TJ (2016a) Resistivity and thermal infrared precursors associated with cemented backfill mass. J Cent South Univ 23:2329–2335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-016-3291-x
Xu XJ, Liu B, Li SC, Lei Y (2016b) Experimental study on conductivity anisotropy of limestone considering the bedding directional effect in the whole process of uniaxial compression. Materials 9(3):165–179. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma9030165
Yang XB, Xia YJ, Wang XJ (2012) Investigation into the nonlinear damage model of coal containing gas. Saf Sci 50(4):927–930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2011.08.001
Zhao GY, Dai B, Dong LJ, Yang C (2015) Energy conversion of rocks in process of unloading confining pressure under different unloading paths. Trans Nonferrous Metals Soc China 25(5):1626–1632. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(15)63767-0
Zhu HQ, Wang W, Wang HR, Zhao HG, Xin M (2018) Study on electrical properties of coal at spontaneous combustion characteristic temperature. J Appl Geophys 159:707–714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2018.10.019
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank to the support of Sihe mine staff in Jincheng City for providing help in the process of coring. We also acknowledge technical support and experimental conditions from the State Key Laboratory Coal Resources and Safety Mining, China. Also, the authors would like to express their gratitude to EditSprings (https://www.editsprings.com/) for the expert linguistic services provided.
Funding
This research was funded by the State Key Research Development Program of China (2018YFC0808301), Beijing Natural Science Foundation (8192036), Youth Foundation of Social Science and Humanity Ministry of Education of China (19YJCZH087), and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2009QZ09).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Murat Karakus
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, X., Zhang, Q., An, Z. et al. Experimental research on electrical resistivity variation of coal under different loading modes. Arab J Geosci 13, 1068 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-06046-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-06046-7