Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Larvicidal efficacy of the mature leaf extract of Cajanus cajan against the vector of Japanese encephalitis

  • Original Research Article
  • Published:
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Vector borne diseases can be controlled by managing the mosquito population. So the present study was done to evaluate larvicidal activities of Cajanus cajan mature leaf extracts against the Japanese encephalitis vector Culex vishnui. Crude and three different solvent extracts of C. cajan leaves were applied for larvicidal bioassay against the all instars larvae of Cx. vishnui. For statistical justifications log probit, regression and ANOVA analyses were performed. Non-target organisms were also evaluated against crude and ethyl acetate solvent extract of mature leaves. The IR analysis and GC-MS analyses were carried out to find out the active ingredient. 0.5% concentration of crude extract showed highest larval mortality after 72 h of exposure. Amongst the three tested solvent extracts namely n-Hexane, ethyl acetate and chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v), ethyl acetate extract exhibited the most potent larvicidal activity. In ethyl acetate extract 100% mortality was found in 100 ppm concentration against 1st instar larvae after 72 h of exposure. Chemical characterization revealed that the active ingredient belongs to the flavonoids group of compound which might be responsible for larval toxicity. However, the bioassay against the non-target organisms revealed that, they were mostly safe to the extracts. The results support that C. cajan mature leaves can be used as an ecofriendly larvicidal agent against the Cx. vishnui in near future.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abbott WS (1925) A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J Econ Entomol 18:265–267

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ambasta SP (2004) The useful plants of India, 4th edn. National Institute of Science Communication, New Delhi, pp 94–95

    Google Scholar 

  • Ansari MA, Vasudevan P, Tandon M, Razdan RK (2000) Larvicidal and mosquito repellent action of peppermint (Mentha piperita) oil. Bioresour Technol 71(3):267–271

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee S, Singha S, Laskar S, Chandra G (1823) Efficacy of Limonia acidissima L. (Rutaceae) leaf extract on larval immatures of Culex quinquefasciatus say 1823. J Trop Med 2011(4):711–716

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharya K, Chandra G (2014) Phagodeterrence, larvicidal and oviposition deterrence activity of Tragia involucrata L. (Euphorbiaceae) root extractives against vector of lymphatic filariasis Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). Asian Pac J Trop Dis 4(Suppl 1):S226–S232. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2222-1808(14)60444-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bowers WS, Sener B, Evans PH, Bingol F (1995) Erdogani. Activity of Turkish medicinal plant against mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae. Insect Sci Appl 16(3–4):339–342

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell FL, Sullivan WW, Smith LN (1993) The relative toxicity of nicotine, anabasine, methyl anabasine and lupine for Culicine mosquito larvae. J Econ Entomol 26:500

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury N, Laskar S, Chandra G (2008a) Mosquito larvicidal and antimicrobial activity of protein of Solanum villosum leaves. BMC Complement Altern Med 8:62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury N, Ghosh P, Chandra G (2008b) Mosquito larvicidal activities of Solanum villosum berry extract against the dengue vector Stegomyia aegypti. BMC Complement Altern Med 8:10

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Friedman M (2006) Potato glycoalkaloids and metabolites: roles in the plant and in the diet. J Agric Food Chem 54:8655–8681

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh A, Chandra G (2006) Biocontrol efficacy of Cestrum diurnum L. (Solanaceae: Solanales) against the larval forms of Anopheles stephensi. Nat Prod Res 20:371–376

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haldar KM, Ghosh P, Chandra G (2011) Evaluation of target specific larvicidal activity of the leaf extract of Typhonium trilobatum against Culex quinquefasciatus say. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 1(2):S199–S203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harbach RE (2011) Mosquito Taxonomic Inventory. http://mosquito-taxonomic-inventory.info/

  • Hassan Adeyemi MM (2010) The potential of secondary metabolites in plant material as deterrents against insect pests: a review. Afr J Pure Appl Chem 4(11):243–246

    Google Scholar 

  • Joseph C, Ndoile M, Malima R, Nkunya M (2004) Larvicidal and mosquitocidal extracts a coumarin, isoflavonoids and pterocarpans from Neorautanenia mitis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 98:451–455

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamaraj C, Bagavan A, Rahuman AA, Zahir AA, Elango G, Pandiyan G (2009) Larvicidal potential of medicinal plant extracts against Anopheles subpictus Grassi and Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 104:1163–1171

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kishore N, Mishra BB, Tiwari VK, Tripathi V (2011) A review on natural products with mosquitosidal potentials. In: Tiwari VK (ed) Opportunity, challenge and scope of natural products in medicinal chemistry, vol 11. Research Signpost, Kerala, pp 335–365

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar H, Bajpai VK, Dubey RC, Maheshwari Kang SC (2010) Wilt disease management and enhancement of growth and yield of C cajan by bacterial combinations amended with chemical fertilizers. Crop Prot 29:591–598

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murthy J m, Rani PU (2009) Biological activity of certain botanical extracts as larvicides against the medicinal plant extracts against Aedes aegypti. J Biopest 2(1):72–76

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pal D, Mishra P, Sachan N, Ghosh AK (2011) Biological activities and medicinal properties of Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp. J Adv Pharm Tech Res 2(4):207–214

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rawani A, Ghosh A, Laskar S, Chandra G (2012) Aliphatic amide from seeds of Carica papaya as mosquito Larvicide, Pupicide, Adulticide, repellent and smoke toxicant. J Mosq Res 2(2):8–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Rawani A, Chowdhury N, Ghosh A, Laskar S, Chandra G (2013) Mosquito larvicidal activity of Solanum nigrum berry extracts. Indian J Med Res 137:972–976

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rawani A, Ghosh A, Laskar S, Chandra G (2014) Glucosinolate from leaf of Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) as a new mosquito larvicide. Parasitol Res 113:4423–4430

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rawani A, Ray AS, Ghosh A, Sakar M, Chandra G (2017) Larvicidal activity of phytosteroid compounds from leaf extract of Solanum nigrum against Culex vishnui group and Anopheles subpictus. BMC Res Notes 10:135

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmeltz I (1971) The Chemistry of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke. Proceedings of the symposium on the chemical composition of tobacco and tobacco smoke held during the 162nd National Meeting of the American Chemical Society in Washington, D.C., September. pp. 12–17

  • Shaalan EAS, Canyonb D, Younesc MWF, Abdel-Wahaba H, Mansoura AH (2005) A review of botanical phytochemicals with mosquitocidal potential. Environ Int 31:1149–1166

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singha S, Adhikari U, Chandra G (2011) Smoke repellency and mosquito larvicidal potentiality of Mesua ferra L. leaf extract against filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus say. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 1(Suppl 1):119–123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taubes G (1997) A mosquito bites back. Times Magazine, New York, pp 40–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Tekale SS, Dama LB, Manohar VP (2017) Qualitative and quantitative analysis of secondary metabolite of C. cajan. Trends life Sci 6(1):19–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Van der Maeson LJG (1995) Pigeonpea Cajanus cajan. In: Smartt, J. and Simmonds, N. W. (eds.), Evolution of Crop Plants. Essex: Longman. pp. 251–5

  • Wiesman Z, Chapagain BP (2005) Larvicidal effects of aqueous extracts of Balanites aegyptica (desert date) against the larvae Culex pipiens mosquitoes. Afr J Biotechnol 4(11):1351–1354

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organisation (2005) Guidelines for laboratory and field testing of mosquito larvicides. WHO: Geneva WHO/CDS/WHOPES/GCDP/13

  • World Health Organization (WHO) (1975) Division of Malaria and other Parasitic Diseases. Manual on practical entomology in malaria. Part II: Methods and techniques. World Health Organization Offset Publication no. 13. Geneva: WHO

  • Wu N, Fu K, Fu YJ, Zu YG, Chang FR, Chen YH, Liu XL, Kong Y, Liu W, Gu CB (2009) Antioxidant activities of extracts and main components of pigeon pea leaves. Molecules. 14:1032–1043

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan-gang Z (2010) Xiao-lei, Yu-jie Fu, Nan Wu, YuKong, Michael W. chemical composition of the SFE-CO2 extracts from Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth and their antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo. Phytomed. 17:1095–1101

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge with thanks the help of Dr. Ambarish Mukherjee, Professor of Botany, The University of Burdwan, for identification of the plant.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anjali Rawani.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interests

The author declares that they have no conflict of interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Rawani, A. Larvicidal efficacy of the mature leaf extract of Cajanus cajan against the vector of Japanese encephalitis. Int J Trop Insect Sci 41, 1155–1161 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-020-00300-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-020-00300-x

Keywords

Navigation