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Development of China Light-Duty Vehicle Test Cycle

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Abstract

Driving cycles provide a basis for vehicle development and calibration and also serves as the foundation for energy consumption and emissions certification of vehicles. This paper presents the China Light-Duty Vehicle Test Cycle (CLTC) developed by the China Automotive Technology & Research Center (CATARC). First, the important steps and technical routes toward the CLTC development process are summarized. Second, the specific CLTC development process is presented in detail, including the data acquisition and data analysis procedures, weighting factor development and driving cycle construction. Then, the main driving characteristics of the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), the Worldwide Harmonized Light-Duty Vehicles Test Cycle (WLTC), the Federal Test Procedure (FTP-75), the CLTC and the actual collected data are compared. The CLTC has low average speed, a high idle speed ratio and more frequent acceleration and deceleration characteristics. Finally, 70 vehicles are tested based on the NEDC, WLTC, and CLTC according to their legislative procedures in the vehicle emission laboratories of the CATARC and the manufacturers. The results show that the CLTC’s fuel consumption is much higher than that of the NEDC and WLTC, and CLTC can effectively reflect the actual fuel consumption of users.

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Abbreviations

AT:

automatic transmission

AMT:

automated manual transmission

CATARC:

China automotive technology and research center

CATC:

China automotive test cycle

CLTC:

China light-duty vehicle test cycle

CVT:

continuously variable transmission

DCT:

dual clutch transmission

EUDC:

extra urban driving cycle

EV:

electric vehicle

FTP-75:

federal test procedure

GDP:

gross domestic product

GIS:

geographic information system

GPRS:

general packet radio service

GPS:

global positioning system

GRPE:

working party on pollution and energy transport program

MIIT:

Ministry of Industry and Information Technology

MT:

manual transmission

NEDC:

New European Driving Cycle

OBD:

on-board diagnostics

p :

chi-square value

PHEV:

plug-in hybrid EV

RPA:

relative positive acceleration

SFTP:

supplemental federal test procedures

T :

time duration of the speed phase

T id :

average idle segment duration

T st :

average short trip duration

UDCs:

urban driving cycles

UN-ECE:

United Nations Economic Commission for Europe

V j :

value of the speed-acceleration distribution

W j :

value of the unified velocity-acceleration distribution

WHDC:

world harmonized heavy-duty cycle

WLTC:

worldwide harmonized light-duty driving test cycle

i:

label for the speed phase

id :

idle segment

i :

label for speed-acceleration point

st :

short trip

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Acknowledgement

This research was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFB0106402) and Research and Development of Chinese New Energy Automobile Products Test Driving Cycles (CATC).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Traffic Energy and Environment Department, China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co., Ltd., 68 Xianfeng Road, Dongli District, Tianjin, 300300, China

    Yu Liu, Zhi Xin Wu, Hua Zhou, Han Zheng, Nan Yu, Xiao Pan An, Jing Yuan Li & Meng Liang Li

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  1. Yu Liu
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  2. Zhi Xin Wu
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  3. Hua Zhou
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  4. Han Zheng
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  5. Nan Yu
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  6. Xiao Pan An
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  7. Jing Yuan Li
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  8. Meng Liang Li
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Correspondence to Yu Liu.

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Liu, Y., Wu, Z.X., Zhou, H. et al. Development of China Light-Duty Vehicle Test Cycle. Int.J Automot. Technol. 21, 1233–1246 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-020-0117-5

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