Abstract
Laminar convective heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of Al2O3-water nanofluid were experimentally investigated inside a horizontal Helical-Coil Tube (HCT) under constant heat flux boundary conditions for Dean numbers between 400 and 1600. The experiments have been performed using Al2O3-water nanofluid of three mass concentrations and heat fluxes at different flow rates. Thermal conductivity and viscosity of the fluids are measured experimentally, and a proper agreement was observed with the new model predictions for thermo-physical properties of nanofluids. Based on the experimental results, the thermal conductivity and viscosity of Al2O3-water nanofluid were almost 2.12% and 3.1% higher than water in 1 wt% concentration. According to the observations, the heat transfer coefficients in the fully developed region increases by 6.4%, 19%, and 23.7% under 2283, 3774, and 4975 W/m2 heat fluxes, respectively, at 1 wt% concentration of Al2O3-water nanofluid with respect to pure water. Besides, it has been noticed that pressure drop through the helical coil is increased with adding nanoparticles, enhancement of heat flux, and De number. Finally, based on the thermal performance factor, it has been concluded that using nanofluids in the helical coil is a feasible method for improving energy efficiency.
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Abbreviations
- a p :
-
Specific Area of Particle, (gr/m2)
- AC :
-
Alternating current
- Ag :
-
Silver
- Al :
-
Aluminium
- Al 2 O 3 :
-
Aluminium Oxide
- C :
-
Correction Factor
- C p :
-
Specific heat at constant pressure, (J/kg. K)
- C pp :
-
Specific heat of Particle, (J/kg.K)
- CMC :
-
Carboxymethyl Cellulose
- Cu :
-
Copper
- CuO:
-
Copper Oxide
- D :
-
Coil diameter, m
- d :
-
Coil inside diameter, m
- d p :
-
Diameter of Nanoparticles, m
- De :
-
Dean number
- f :
-
Friction factor
- Fe 2 O 3 :
-
Iron(III) oxide
- H :
-
Coil height, m
- h :
-
Heat transfer coefficient
- h :
-
Nano-layer Thickness
- HCT :
-
Helical-Coil Tube
- K:
-
Thermal conductivity, W/m2K
- K:
-
Kelvin
- Kp :
-
Thermal conductivity of Particles, W/m2K
- l :
-
Coil length, m
- \( \dot{m} \) :
-
Mass flow rate, kg/s
- mm :
-
Millimetre
- n :
-
Shape Factor
- nm :
-
Nanometre
- Nu :
-
Nusselt number
- P :
-
Pressure, Pa
- P :
-
Perimeter, m
- PANI :
-
Polyaniline
- PT :
-
Pitch
- q":
-
Heat flux, W/m2
- R :
-
Dependent variable
- R c :
-
Radius of coil, m
- r :
-
Radius of tube, m
- r p :
-
Radius of the Nanoparticles
- Re:
-
Reynolds number
- SDBS :
-
Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate
- SiO 2 :
-
Silicon dioxide
- T :
-
Temperature, K
- U :
-
Average velocity, m/s
- V B :
-
Explainer of Brownian Velocity
- X:
-
Independent Variable
- β :
-
Ratio of the Nanolayer Thickness
- η :
-
Thermal performance factor
- ρ :
-
Density, (kg/m3)
- ρ p :
-
Particle Density, (kg/m3)
- μ :
-
Viscosity
- φ :
-
Volume fraction
- φ m :
-
Mass percent
- ψ :
-
Sphericity
- δ:
-
Distance Between Two Particles
- a :
-
Ambient
- B :
-
Brownian
- app :
-
Apparant
- bf :
-
Base fluid
- c :
-
Coil
- eff :
-
Effective
- exp :
-
Experimental
- f :
-
Fluid
- i :
-
Inlet
- j :
-
Dependent variable index
- m :
-
Distance of x from the inlet port
- nf :
-
Nanofluid
- o :
-
Outlet
- p :
-
Particle
- np :
-
Nanoparticle
- s :
-
Straight tube
- th :
-
Theoretical
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The authors thank Iran National Science Foundation: INSF for the support.
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Mansouri, M., Zamzamian, S.A.H. Experimental studies on the heat transfer characteristics of alumina/water nanofluid inside a helical coil tube. Heat Mass Transfer 57, 551–564 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-020-02976-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-020-02976-w