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The effect of fire on seed germination of campo rupestre species in the South American Cerrado

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Abstract

Fire is an important disturbance in terrestrial ecosystems and plays a key role in the germination process and seedling establishment of many species. In grassland ecosystems, seeds normally tolerate heat-shocks associated with low intensity fires but are negatively affected by higher heat doses. Additionally, smoke-stimulated germination is not commonly recognized as important in neotropical grasslands. This may result from a negative relationship between the ability to resprout after fire and fire-stimulated germination ability, as many species in these grasslands regenerate well after fire by resprouting. To ascertain the role of heat and smoke in the post-fire germination response of campo rupestre vegetation, we exposed seeds of nine species (that regenerate after fire by resprouting) to various treatments related to fire (heat, smoke, and heat plus smoke) and analysed their germination behaviour. Our results suggest that these species have high seed germination in the absence of specific dormancy breaking conditions and/or that stimulated germination triggered by fire-related cues is not common. Additionally, while seeds from some species can withstand temperatures of 80 °C for 5 min without affecting germination, most species are negatively affected by higher heat doses. However, our results suggest an important role of smoke enhancing germination rate (speed) of campo rupestre species. In view of the characteristics of campo rupestre environmental conditions and vegetation, we provide a novel outlook of enhanced germination rate by smoke as an important mechanism for seed regeneration after fire of campo rupestre’s species that resprout, particularly for seeds resulting from post-fire seed dispersion.

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Acknowledgements

Authors thank the Reserva Natural Vellozia for the logistical support and the authorization granted by the IF SUDESTE MG (No. 476, May 17, 2013). AFF was supported by CNPq/CAPES—Science without Frontiers CsF (6057/13-6), GWF and YO by CNPq, FAPEMIG and FAPEMIG-Vale, BM by Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2016/021). CIDE is supported by Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Generalitat Valenciana and Universitat Valencia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal

    Alessandra Furtado Fernandes & Bruno Moreira

  2. Evolutionary Ecology and Biodiversity/DGEE, ICB/Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil

    Yumi Oki & Geraldo Wilson Fernandes

  3. CIDE-CSIC, Campus IVIA, Ctra. Náquera Km. 4.5, 46113, Montcada, Valencia, Spain

    Bruno Moreira

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  1. Alessandra Furtado Fernandes
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  2. Yumi Oki
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Correspondence to Bruno Moreira.

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Fernandes, A.F., Oki, Y., Fernandes, G.W. et al. The effect of fire on seed germination of campo rupestre species in the South American Cerrado. Plant Ecol 222, 45–55 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-020-01086-1

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