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CHESS: An innovative concept for high-resolution, far-UV spectroscopy

Instrument design, inception, and results from the first two sounding rocket flights

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Abstract

The space ultraviolet (UV) is a critical astronomical observing window, where a multitude of atomic, ionic, and molecular signatures provide crucial insight into planetary, interstellar, stellar, intergalactic, and extragalactic objects. The next generation of large space telescopes require highly sensitive, moderate-to-high resolution UV spectrograph. However, sensitive observations in the UV are difficult, as UV optical performance and imaging efficiencies have lagged behind counterparts in the visible and infrared regimes. This has historically resulted in simple, low-bounce instruments to increase sensitivity. In this study, we present the design, fabrication, and calibration of a simple, high resolution, high throughput FUV spectrograph - the Colorado High-resolution Echelle Stellar Spectrograph (CHESS). CHESS is a sounding rocket payload to demonstrate the instrument design for the next-generation UV space telescopes. We present tests and results on the performance of several state-of-the-art diffraction grating and detector technologies for FUV astronomical applications that were flown aboard the first two iterations of CHESS. The CHESS spectrograph was used to study the atomic-to-molecular transitions within translucent cloud regions in the interstellar medium (ISM) through absorption spectroscopy. The first two flights looked at the sightlines towards α Virgo and 𝜖 Persei and flight results are presented.

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Notes

  1. At the time of CHESS-1 and 2, the Xybion Electronics System (XES) low-light camera was deprecated and the NASA Sounding Rocket Operations Contract (NSROC) was in the process of replacing it with a newer model of space-qualified low-light camera system. In 2018, NSROC officially replaced the XES Model ISS-255 with the Stanford Photonics Inc. XR/M model: https://www.stanfordphotonics.com/Products/products.htm

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, Cahill Center for Astronomy & Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA

    Keri Hoadley

  2. Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Iowa, Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA

    Keri Hoadley

  3. Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, UCB 392, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA

    Kevin France, Nicholas Nell, Brian Fleming & Allison Youngblood

  4. Blue Canyon Technologies, 2550 Crescent Drive, Lafayette, CO, 80026, USA

    Robert Kane

  5. Department of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Ave., Boulder, CO, 80302, USA

    Matthew Beasley

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  1. Keri Hoadley
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Hoadley, K., France, K., Nell, N. et al. CHESS: An innovative concept for high-resolution, far-UV spectroscopy. Exp Astron 50, 233–264 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-020-09670-z

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