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Optimization study on extraction of antioxidants from plum seeds (Prunus domestica L.)

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Abstract

This paper aimed to optimize the extraction of antioxidants from plum seeds (Prunus domestica L.) using ultrasound-assisted extraction. The Box–Behnken design was used for the optimization of the extraction process. The four extraction parameters, such as the extraction time (10–40 min), ethanol concentration (20–100%, v/v), liquid-to-solid ratio (10–30 cm3 g−1), and extraction temperature (30–70 °C) were varied to investigate their impact on the content of antioxidants. Using HPLC methods, the following phenolic compounds were identified and quantified per 100 g dry weight: rutin (6.39 mg), epigallocatechin (1.94 mg), gallic acid (0.64 mg), ferulic acid (14.30 mg), syringic acid (0.87 mg), epicatechin (0.95 mg), caffeic acid (0.30 mg), and coumaric acid (11.18 mg). The content of amygdalin was 1.5 mg g−1 of the dry extract obtained under optimal conditions. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH assay and estimated based on the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). The IC50 value of the extract obtained under optimal conditions was 0.94 mg cm−3. The proposed green technique is an economical and alternative procedure for the extraction of antioxidants by application of non-toxic and eco-friendly solvents. From the ecological point of view, it is acceptable due to the reduction of waste either after plum cultivation or production of alcoholic beverages.

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Abbreviations

UAE:

Ultrasound-assisted extraction

FCR:

Folin–Ciocalteu reagent assay

d.w.:

Dry weight

DPPH:

2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

GAE:

Gallic acid equivalent

IC50 :

Half-maximal inhibitory concentration

BHT:

Butylhydroxytoluene

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Republic of Serbia—Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development under Program for financing scientific research work, No. 451-03-68/2020-14/200133.

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  1. Faculty of Technology in Leskovac, University of Nis, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 124, 16000, Leskovac, Republic of Serbia

    Ivan M. Savic & Ivana M. Savic Gajic

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  1. Ivan M. Savic
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  2. Ivana M. Savic Gajic
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Correspondence to Ivana M. Savic Gajic.

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Savic, I.M., Savic Gajic, I.M. Optimization study on extraction of antioxidants from plum seeds (Prunus domestica L.). Optim Eng 22, 141–158 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11081-020-09565-0

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