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Randomized Study of the Effects of Vitamin D and Magnesium Co-Supplementation on Muscle Strength and Function, Body Composition, and Inflammation in Vitamin D-Deficient Middle-Aged Women

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Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D and magnesium co-supplementation on muscle strength and function, body composition, and inflammation in vitamin D-deficient middle-aged women. In this study, 83 healthy middle-aged women (40–55 years) with vitamin D deficiency were randomly assigned into two groups: (1) intervention: receiving a 50,000-IU vitamin D soft gel (weekly) plus a 250-mg magnesium tablet (daily); (2) control: receiving a vitamin D placebo (weekly) plus a magnesium placebo (daily), for 8 weeks. Before and after the intervention, anthropometric indices, muscle strength, muscle function, and some inflammatory markers were measured. After 8 weeks of supplementation, significant difference was observed in handgrip strength and time for Time Get Up and Go (TGUG) test between the intervention and placebo groups (P < 0.05). Regarding percentage of fat mass (FM%) and fat free mass (FFM%), and knee extension strength, there was no significant difference between the two groups at the end of intervention (P > .05). Serum 25(OH)-D levels increased significantly (P < 0.001) and its change was significantly different between the two groups, at the end of the intervention (P < 0.001). Serum level of hs-CRP decreased significantly in the intervention group compared to baseline (P < 0.001), and the change in hs-CRP was significant between the two groups at the end of the intervention (P < 0.01). Furthermore, serum level of TNF-α declined significantly in the intervention group compared to baseline (P < 0.001) but, no significant differences were seen between the two groups in regard of serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 after the intervention (P > 0.05). Our findings show that vitamin D and magnesium co-supplementation, for 8 weeks, in healthy middle-aged women with vitamin D deficiency have beneficial impacts on muscle strength, muscle function, and probably inflammation.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the participants for their cooperation and participation in this study. This research is a part of the M.Sc. thesis in nutrition sciences, which was financially supported by the Vice Chancellor of Research, Iran University of Medical Sciences (Tehran, Iran).

Funding

This research was funded by Iran University of Medical Sciences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Fatemeh Kheyruri & Mohammadreza Vafa

  2. Department of Physical Therapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Javad Sarrafzadeh

  3. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Agha Fatemeh Hosseini

  4. Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Behnaz Abiri

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  1. Fatemeh Kheyruri
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Contributions

FK and MV designed this study. FK and JS participated in the conduction of the study. AFH analyzed the data. BA drafted the manuscript. FK, JS, AFH, and MV critically revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mohammadreza Vafa.

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Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate

Written informed consent was obtained from all participants on recruitment. The protocol of this study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Iran University of Medical Sciences, is in conformity with the Declaration of Helsinki (approval number: IR.IUMS.FMD.REC 1396.9413468001), and was registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT registration number IRCT20090822002365N200) which is available at http://irct.ir/user/trial/20288/view.

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Kheyruri, F., Sarrafzadeh, J., Hosseini, A.F. et al. Randomized Study of the Effects of Vitamin D and Magnesium Co-Supplementation on Muscle Strength and Function, Body Composition, and Inflammation in Vitamin D-Deficient Middle-Aged Women. Biol Trace Elem Res 199, 2523–2534 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02387-2

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