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A sustainable pH shift control strategy for efficient production of β-poly(L-malic acid) with CaCO3 addition by Aureobasidium pullulans ipe-1

  • Biotechnological products and process engineering
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Abstract

β-poly(L-malic acid) (PMLA) has attracted industrial interest for its potential applications in medicine and other industries. For a sustainable PMLA production, it requires replacing/reducing the CaCO3 usage, since the residual CaCO3 impeded the cells’ utilization, and a large amount of commercially useless gypsum was accumulated. In this study, it was found that more glucose was converted into CO2 using soluble alkalis compared with CaCO3 usage. Moreover, since the high ion strength and respiration effect of soluble alkalis also inhibited PMLA production, they could not effectively replace CaCO3. Furthermore, comparing the fermentations with different neutralizers (soluble alkali vs. CaCO3), it was found that the differential genes are mainly involved in the pathway of starch and sucrose metabolism, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, histidine metabolism, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, and phagosome. In detail, in the case with CaCO3, 562 genes were downregulated and 262 genes were upregulated, and especially, those genes involved in energy production and conversion were downregulated by 26.7%. Therefore, the irreplaceability of CaCO3 was caused by its effect on the PMLA metabolic pathway rather than its usage as neutralizer. Finally, a combined pH shift control strategy with CaCO3 addition was developed. After the fermentation, 64.8 g/L PMLA and 38.9 g/L biomass were obtained with undetectable CaCO3 and less CO2 emission.

Key points

• The effect of CaCO3 on PMLA metabolic pathway resulted in its irreplaceability.

• A pH shift control strategy with CaCO 3 addition was developed.

• Undetectable CaCO 3 and less CO 2 emission were detected with the new strategy.

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Contributions

WC (Weifeng Cao) conceived and designed research. CQ and YW conducted experiments. FS contributed new reagents or analytical tools. WC analyzed data. WC (Weifeng Cao) and JL wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

Funding

The authors thank the Beijing Natural Science Foundation, China (No. 5182025); the National Natural Science Foundation of China, China (No. 21406240); and the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2015AA021002 and 2014AA021005) for the financial supports.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China

    Weifeng Cao, Weilei Cao, Fei Shen, Jianquan Luo & Yinhua Wan

  2. School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Weifeng Cao, Weilei Cao, Fei Shen, Jianquan Luo & Yinhua Wan

  3. China National Center for Biotechnology Development, Beijing, 100036, People’s Republic of China

    Junxiang Yin

  4. College of Bioengineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People’s Republic of China

    Changsheng Qiao

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  1. Weifeng Cao
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Correspondence to Weifeng Cao or Yinhua Wan.

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Cao, W., Cao, W., Shen, F. et al. A sustainable pH shift control strategy for efficient production of β-poly(L-malic acid) with CaCO3 addition by Aureobasidium pullulans ipe-1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 104, 8691–8703 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10815-5

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