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Depth-Dependent Variables Shape Community Structure and Functionality in the Prince Edward Islands

  • Environmental Microbiology
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Abstract

Physicochemical variables limit and control the distribution of microbial communities in all environments. In the oceans, this may significantly influence functional processes such the consumption of dissolved organic material and nutrient sequestration. Yet, the relative contributions of physical factors, such as water mass variability and depth, on functional processes are underexplored. We assessed microbial community structure and functionality in the Prince Edward Islands (PEIs) using 16S rRNA gene amplicon analysis and extracellular enzymatic activity assays, respectively. We found that depth and nutrients substantially drive the structural patterns of bacteria and archaea in this region. Shifts from epipelagic to bathypelagic zones were linked to decreases in the activities of several extracellular enzymes. These extracellular enzymatic activities were positively correlated with several phyla including several Alphaproteobacteria (including members of the SAR 11 clade and order Rhodospirillales) and Cyanobacteria. We show that depth-dependent variables may be essential drivers of community structure and functionality in the PEIs.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the crew and the captain of the RV SA Agulhas for assistance with sample acquisition. We thank the South African National Antarctic Programme (SANAP 110717) of the National Research Foundation (NRF) and the University of Pretoria for funding. TPM also wishes to acknowledge the Fulbright Visiting Scholar Programme for providing sabbatical funding. BSP acknowledges the National Research Foundation PhD Innovation scholarship for awarding financial aid for research and travel. We thank the Centre for High Performance Computing (Cape Town, South Africa) and the University of Pretoria’s Centre for Bioinformatics and Computation Biology for providing computational resources.

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  1. Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics (CMEG), Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa

    Boitumelo Sandra Phoma & Thulani Peter Makhalanyane

  2. Marine Microbiomics Programme, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa

    Boitumelo Sandra Phoma & Thulani Peter Makhalanyane

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  1. Boitumelo Sandra Phoma
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  2. Thulani Peter Makhalanyane
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Correspondence to Thulani Peter Makhalanyane.

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Phoma, B.S., Makhalanyane, T.P. Depth-Dependent Variables Shape Community Structure and Functionality in the Prince Edward Islands. Microb Ecol 81, 396–409 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-020-01589-4

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