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Bacterial Diversity and Communities Structural Dynamics in Soil and Meltwater Runoff at the Frontier of Baishui Glacier No.1, China

  • Environmental Microbiology
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Abstract

Comprehensive knowledge of bacterial ecology mainly in supraglacial habitats is pivotal particularly at the frontier of accelerated glacier retreat. In this study, bacterial diversity and community composition in glacial soil and meltwater runoff at the frontier of Baishui Glacier No.1 were evaluated using high throughput sequencing. Significant variations in the physiochemical parameters formed an ecological gradient between soil and meltwater runoff. Based on the richness and evenness indexes, the bacterial diversity was relatively higher in soil compared with meltwater runoff. Hierarchical clustering and bi-plot ordination revealed that the taxonomic composition of soil samples was highly similar and significantly influenced by the ecological parameters than the meltwater runoff. The overall relative abundance trend of bacterial phyla and genera were greatly varied in soil and water samples. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria was higher in water runoff samples (40.5–87%) compared with soil samples (32–52.7%). Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and a little part of Cyanobacteria occupied a major portion of water runoff while the soil was dominated by Acidobacteria (6–16.2%), Actinobacteria (5–16%), Bacteroidetes (0.5–8.8%), and Cyanobacteria (0.1–8.3%) besides Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Higher numbers of biomarkers were found in soil group compared with the water group. The study area is diverse in terms of richness, while community structures are not evenly distributed. This study provides a preliminary understanding of the bacterial diversity and shifts in community structure in soil and meltwater runoff at the frontier of the glacial. The findings revealed that the environmental factors are a significantly strong determinant of bacterial community structures in such a closely linked ecosystem.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge the support provided by the second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP) (2019QZKK0605), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41630754, 41721091) and the State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science (SKLCS-ZZ-2020). Wasim Sajjad is supported by a PIFI Fellowship from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2020PC0052).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China

    Wasim Sajjad, Barkat Ali, Ali Bahadur, Prakriti Sharma Ghimire & Shichang Kang

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

    Barkat Ali & Shichang Kang

  3. Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China

    Ali Bahadur

  4. CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, China

    Shichang Kang

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  1. Wasim Sajjad
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Sajjad, W., Ali, B., Bahadur, A. et al. Bacterial Diversity and Communities Structural Dynamics in Soil and Meltwater Runoff at the Frontier of Baishui Glacier No.1, China. Microb Ecol 81, 370–384 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-020-01600-y

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