Abstract
To produce high-, medium- and low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (HA) at different temperatures using engineered Bacillus subtilis expressing hyaluronidase (HAase) from leech. By overexpressing the HAase gene hya in the HA-producing strain WmB using temperature-sensitive plasmid pKSV7, the engineered strain WmB-PYh produced HA with different molecular weights (8.61 kDa at 32 °C, 0.615 MDa at 42 °C, and 6.19 MDa at 47 °C). In this study, the molecular weight of HA was regulated by using leech HAase expressed from a temperature-sensitive plasmid. We thus obtained different molecular weight HAs by using a single bacterial strain at different culture temperatures.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bitter T, Muir HM (1962) A modified uronic acid carbazole reaction. Anal Biochem 4:330–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(62)90095-7
Blank LM, McLaughlin RL, Nielsen LK (2005) Stable production of hyaluronic acid in Streptococcus zooepidemicus chemostats operated at high dilution rate. Biotechnol Bioeng 90:685–693. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.20466
Cheng F, Yu H, Stephanopoulos G (2019) Engineering Corynebacterium glutamicum for high-titer biosynthesis of hyaluronic acid. Metab Eng 55:276–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2019.07.003
Chien LJ, Lee CK (2007) Hyaluronic acid production by recombinant Lactococcus lactis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 77:339–346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-007-1153-z
Commichau FM, Alzinger A, Sande R et al (2015) Engineering Bacillus subtilis for the conversion of the antimetabolite 4-hydroxy-l-threonine to pyridoxine. Metab Eng 29:196–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2015.03.007
Huang WC, Chen SJ, Chen TL (2006) The role of dissolved oxygen and function of agitation in hyaluronic acid fermentation. Biochem Eng J 32:239–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2006.10.011
Jeong E, Shim WY, Kim JH (2014) Metabolic engineering of Pichia pastoris for production of hyaluronic acid with high molecular weight. J Biotechnol 185:28–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.05.018
Jin P, Kang Z, Zhang N, Du G, Chen J (2014) High-yield novel leech hyaluronidase to expedite the preparation of specific hyaluronan oligomers. Scientific reports 4:4471. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep04471
Jin P, Kang Z, Yuan P, Du G, Chen J (2016) Production of specific-molecular-weight hyaluronan by metabolically engineered Bacillus subtilis 168. Metab Eng 35:21–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2016.01.008
Kang Z, Ruiyang Z, Congqiang Z, Gregory S, Heng-Phon T (2013) Optimization of amorphadiene synthesis in Bacillus subtilis via transcriptional, translational, and media modulation. Biotechnol Bioeng 110:2556–2561. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.24900
Kogan G, Soltés L, Stern R, Gemeiner P (2007) Hyaluronic acid: a natural biopolymer with a broad range of biomedical and industrial applications. Biotechnol Lett 29:17–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-006-9219-z
Li Y, Li G, Zhao X, Shao Y, Wu M, Ma T (2019) Regulation of hyaluronic acid molecular weight and titer by temperature in engineered Bacillus subtilis. 3 Biotech 9(6):225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-019-1749-x
Linker A, Meyer K, Hoffman P (1960) The production of hyaluronate oligosaccharides by leech hyaluronidase and alkali. J Biol Chem 235:924–927
Mao Z, Chen RR (2007) Recombinant synthesis of hyaluronan by Agrobacterium sp. Biotechnol Prog 23:1038–1042. https://doi.org/10.1021/bp070113n
Russell DW, Sambrook (2001) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor, New York
Smith K, Youngman P (1992) Use of a new integrational vector to investigate compartment-specific expression of the Bacillus subtilis spollM gene. Biochimie 74:705–711. https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9084(92)90143-3
Stern R, Asari AA, Sugahara KN (2006) Hyaluronan fragments: an information-rich system. Eur J Cell Biol 85:699–715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcb.2006.05.009
Toole BP, Ghatak S, Misra S (2008) Hyaluronan oligosaccharides as a potential anticancer therapeutic. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 9:249–252. https://doi.org/10.2174/138920108785161569
Westbrook AW, Ren X, Moo-Young M, Chou CP (2018) Application of hydrocarbon and perfluorocarbon oxygen vectors to enhance heterologous production of hyaluronic acid in engineered Bacillus subtilis. Biotechnol Bioeng 115:1239–1252. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.26551
Widner B, Behr R, Von Dollen S et al (2005) Hyaluronic acid production in Bacillus subtilis. Appl Environ Microbiol 71:3747–3752. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.7.3747-3752.2005
Wu XC, Lee W, Tran L, Wong SL (1991) Engineering a Bacillus subtilis expression-secretion system with a strain deficient in six extracellular proteases. J Bacteriol 173:4952–4958. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.173.16.4952-4958.1991
Yu H, Stephanopoulos G (2008) Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for biosynthesis of hyaluronic acid. Metab Eng 10:24–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2007.09.001
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by Tianjin Science Technology project, China (Grant No. 18YFZCSY00020, 16JCTPJC50100) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (31900050).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Ethical approval
This work did not include any studies with human participants or animals.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, Y., Shi, Z., Shao, Y. et al. Temperature-controlled molecular weight of hyaluronic acid produced by engineered Bacillus subtilis. Biotechnol Lett 43, 271–277 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-020-03001-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-020-03001-0