Abstract
Heterophragma adenophyllum is a traditional medicinal plant that has been used as anti-inflammatory and to relief muscular tension. In the current research, four isolated constitutes namely lapacho (1), peshawaraquinone (2), indanone derivatives (3), α-lapachone (4) of H. adenophyllum were tested for anti-inflammatory effect using the carrageenan- and histamine-induced paw edema paradigm. The tested compounds (1–4) were evaluated for anti-inflammatory effect during the early and late phase of edema induction. In the early phase, all tested compounds (0.5 2.5 mg/kg each i.p.) demonstrated less than 50% effect, while in the later phase, compounds (2 and 3) demonstrated 85.66 and 89.87% attenuation. In addition, compounds (1–4) were subjected to histamine-induced inflammation, where compounds 2 and 3 exhibited excellent effects 86.87 and 89.98%, respectively at 5 mg/kg after the 2nd hour of administration, whereas compounds 1 and 4 did not exhibit any significant effect as compared with the negative control. Molecular docking results revealed a very high potency of compound based on the protein-ligand interaction (PLI) profile, which was further evaluated through a molecular dynamic simulation study. Therefore, the anti-inflammatory effect of H. adenophyllum attributed to the presence of these bioactive compounds (1–4) strongly supports the traditional uses of H. adenophyllum for treatment of inflammation. However, compounds 2 and 3 which exerted anti-inflammatory effect must be subjected for further mechanistic studies.
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Acknowledgments
Authors are grateful to the Higher Education commission (HEC) of Pakistan under project number NRPU649. Authors also acknowledge Qassim University, Saudi Arabia, for providing the facilities to conduct the study. We are also thankful to Dr. Godswill Ntsomboh Ntsefong (ORCID: 0000-0002-6876-8847) of the University of Yaounde 1, Cameroon, for English language proofreading of the original manuscript.
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Tareq Abu-Izneid, Zafar Ali Shah, Abdur Rauf supervised this project. Abdul Wadood Saud Bawazeer performed docking analysis. Naveed Muhammad, Mohamed A. El-Esawi, Fahad A. Alhumaydhi, Abdullah S. M. Aljohani did the biological screening. Eman El-Sharkawy, Mohammad S. Mubarak edited the whole MS. Kuralay Isayeva, Mohammad Ali Shariati did English corrections. All authors jointly edited this paper and approved for submission.
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Abu-Izneid, T., Shah, Z.A., Rauf, A. et al. Anti-inflammatory and In Silico Docking Studies of Heterophragma adenophyllum Seem Stem Constituents. Inflammation 44, 297–306 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-020-01333-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10753-020-01333-7