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Current Analytical Chemistry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1573-4110
ISSN (Online): 1875-6727

Research Article

Combination of ZnO Nanoparticle with Marine Sponge Derived Dipeptide for Enhanced Anticancer Efficacy in Liver Cancer Cells and their Toxicity Evaluation on Embryonic Zebrafish

Author(s): Gayathri Karanam, Arumugam Madan Kumar*, Chinmai Sriamulya Yerukalapudi, Nagabhishek Sirpu Natesh, Rajender Boddula and Ramyakrishna Pothu

Volume 17, Issue 5, 2021

Published on: 06 January, 2020

Page: [677 - 688] Pages: 12

DOI: 10.2174/1573411016666200106101109

Price: $65

Abstract

Background: Nanomaterials-based cancer therapy plays a significant role in increasing the therapeutic efficiency of anticancer drugs, reducing side effects and targeted delivery of the drug payloads. The present study was aimed to enhance the anticancer effect of a novel dipeptide isolated from marine sponge-associated Bacillus pumilus AMK1 by formulating with Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles for the effective treatment against HepG2 liver cancer cells.

Methods: ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical method and size of the nanoparticle was characterized by Scanning electron microscope, X-Ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, ZnO nanoparticles were conjugated with the isolated dipeptide and evaluated for anticancer activity. In addition, distinct morphological changes were observed by performing apoptotic staining methods such as propidium iodide staining and acridine orange/ ethidium bromide staining. Furthermore, embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of conjugated dipeptide on the development of zebrafish embryo were investigated in this study.

Results: It was observed that conjugated dipeptide showed enhanced cytotoxicity against HepG2 liver cancer cells without any toxic effect on normal liver cells. ZnO with dipeptide showed significant higher apoptosis of liver cancer cells, with around 19% in early apoptosis and 53% in late apoptosis stage. The obtained results suggest that ZnO nanoparticle conjugated dipeptide initiated cytotoxicity through apoptotic death in HepG2 cells. The embryotoxic studies in zebrafish embryos revealed the LC50 197.0 μg/mL. These findings suggest that conjugated dipeptide affected the development of zebrafish embryos only at relatively higher concentrations.

Conclusion: The experimental results demonstrate that ZnO nanoparticle conjugated dipeptide has the potential to improve anticancer efficacy against liver cancer cells by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells without any effect on normal liver cells.

Keywords: Anticancer, apoptosis, dipeptide, marine sponge, zebrafish embryotoxicity, ZnO nanoparticles.

Graphical Abstract
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