If there is Lorentz symmetry violation in the $t$ quark sector of the standard model, changes to particles’ dispersion relations might allow for the existence of stable top-flavored hadrons. Observations of the survival of high-energy $\gamma$-rays over astrophysical distances can be used to place constraints on Lorentz violation coefficients in the $t$ sector at $\sim {10}^{-4}–{10}^{-6}$ levels of precision.

• Received 27 May 2020
• Accepted 23 September 2020

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.102.075010

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Published by the American Physical Society