Abstract
The Grand Canyon of the Nu River is the upper reach of the Salween River, and it is located on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. There were 187 debris flow gullies along the Grand Canyon of the Nu River, and debris flows from 53 of these gullies completely blocked the river. Debris flows have carried a large volume of sediment into the river since the Holocene and have formed high-density dams on the riverbed, with the maximum dam height exceeding 30 m. The Nu River comprises the repeated sections of straight flow connecting lakes and the debris flow dams that changed the movement and distribution of sediment in the river. In this paper, terrain data for debris flow dams were collected by Lidar, water depth data for the lakes were collected by an unmanned ship with a depth sounder, and the thicknesses of sediment deposits, both in the dams and in the lakes, were measured using a geophysical exploration method (EH4). The debris flow dams were stratified and had multi-stage stepped structures with high resistance because of repeated historical breaches of older dams and river coarsening, different from the structure of alluvial fans constructed by floods. The construction of debris flow dams and the sedimentation depths and volumes in the Grand Canyon were analyzed. The research shows that the high density of debris flow dams made the Grand Canyon stepped and the sedimentation rate greatly increased, reversing the Nu River Grand Canyon’s historical cutting trend.
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Acknowledgments
Thanks are due to Xinyue Liang from the Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, for her help in the field investigation.
Funding
This study is supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA23090401), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41790434, 41907229, and 31800610), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (BLX201908), and the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC1505201). We also gratefully acknowledge the Beijing Municipal Education Commission for their financial support through the Innovative Transdisciplinary Program “Ecological Restoration Engineering.”
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Lyu, L., Xu, M., Wang, Z. et al. Impact of densely distributed debris flow dams on river morphology of the Grand Canyon of the Nu River (upper Salween River) at the east margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Landslides 18, 979–991 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-020-01536-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-020-01536-x