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The process of embryo abortion of stenospermocarpic grape and it develops into plantlet in vitro using embryo rescue

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Abstract

Using stenospermocarpic grapes as female parents could improve the seedless ratio of offspring via embryo rescue techniques, so they are widely used for breeding seedless grapes. Here, we report the variation in phenotype, endogenous hormones, and internal cellular structure of ovules during embryo abortion in ‘Thompson Seedless’. Moreover, we used the stenospermocarpic grapes as female parents to breed new seedless grapes. Our result indicated that the seed coat of abnormal ovules turned brown from 38 to 42 days after flowering (DAF). In hormones level, two ratios of endogenous hormones’ content [gibberellic acid (GA3) + indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)]/abscisic acid (ABA) and zeatin riboside (ZR) /abscisic acid (ABA) had decreased by 36 DAF. In paraffin sections of embryo sac, indicated that there were few or no embryos in ovules were observed from 37 to 42 DAF. Importantly, the globular embryos in ‘Thompson Seedless’ were significantly smaller than those in ‘Ruby Seedless’ at 40 DAF, indicating the former had a lower embryo rescue efficiency as a female parent; accordingly, the most suitable time for embryo cultured in vitro was 39 DAF for ‘Thompson Seedless’. Result from embryo rescue, demonstrated that 5 mg/L exogenous brassinolide (BR) promoted embryo recovery, embryo germination, and polyembryony formation of ‘Flame Seedless’. Concurrently, WPM medium containing 1 µM of 6-BA helped embryos germinate into normal plantlets and reduced the abnormal plantlet development percentage. A total of 3573 hybrid ovules and 402 new progeny plants were obtained using the stenospermocarpic grapes as female parents crossed with disease-resistant Chinese wild grapes, among which 212 progeny with seedless trait and 23 with disease-resistant were detected by molecular markers, respectively.

Key message

By studying phenotype, hormone, and anatomy, the optimal time for embryo rescue in Vitis vinifera cv. ‘Thompson Seedless’ was found. In all, 402 new seedless and disease-resistant hybrids were obtained via embryo rescue when using stenospermocarpic grapevine cultivars as female parents.

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Abbreviations

DAP:

Days after pollination

DAF:

Days after flowering

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

6-BA:

6-Benzylaminopurine

BR:

Brassinolide

IBA:

Indole-3-butytric acid

MS:

Murashige and Skoog

WPM:

Wood plant medium

ER:

Emershad and Ramming

RAPD:

Random amplified polymorphic DNA

GA3 :

Gibberellic acid

ABA:

Abscisic acid

ZR:

Zeatin riboside

CCC:

Chlormequat

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research Systems for the grape industry (Grant No. CARS-29-yc-3). The authors specifically thank Dr. Weirong Xu from Ningxia University for useful comments and language editing, which have improved the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China

    Shasha Li, Keke Liu, Saisai Yu, Shanshan Jia, Shuo Chen, Yuheng Fu & Yuejin Wang

  2. State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China

    Shasha Li, Keke Liu, Saisai Yu, Shanshan Jia, Shuo Chen, Yuheng Fu & Yuejin Wang

  3. Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China

    Shasha Li, Keke Liu, Saisai Yu, Shanshan Jia, Shuo Chen, Yuheng Fu & Yuejin Wang

  4. Research Institute of Xinjiang Grape, Melon and Fruit, Shanshan, 838200, Xinjiang, People’s Republic of China

    Feng Sun & Qiangwei Luo

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  1. Shasha Li
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YW designed this study. SL, KL, SY, SJ, SC, YF and FS performed experiments. QL prepared materials, SL and KL performed data collection and analysis, SL wrote the manuscript, and YW revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yuejin Wang.

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Li, S., Liu, K., Yu, S. et al. The process of embryo abortion of stenospermocarpic grape and it develops into plantlet in vitro using embryo rescue. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 143, 389–409 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-020-01926-y

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