Abstract
Throughout decades of plant research, the plant hormones known as auxins have been found to be of vital importance in most plant development processes. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) represents the most common auxin in plants and can be synthesized from its tryptophan precursor, which is synthesized in the chloroplast. The chloroplast constitutes an organelle of great relevance to plants since the photosynthesis process by which plants get most of their energy is carried out there. The role of auxins in photosynthesis has been studied for at least 50 years, and in this time, it has been shown that auxins have an effect on several of the essential components and structure of the chloroplast. In recent decades, a high number of genes have been reported to be expressed in the chloroplast and some of their mutants have been shown to alter different auxin-mediated pathways. Genes in signaling pathways such as IAA/AUX, ARF, GH.3, SAUR and TIR, biosynthesis-related genes such as YUCCA and transport-related genes such as PIN have been identified among the most regulated genes in mutants related to alterations in the chloroplast. This review aims to provide a complete and updated summary of the relationship between auxins and several processes that involve the chloroplast, including chloroplast development, plant albinism, redox regulation and pigment synthesis.
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Abbreviations
- IAA:
-
Indole-3-acetic acid
- Trp:
-
Tryptophan
- AUX/IAA:
-
AUXIN/3-INDOLE ACETIC ACID
- TIR1:
-
TRANSPORT INHIBITOR FACTOR1
- CAB:
-
Chlorophyll a–b binding proteins
- DOC1 :
-
DARK OVEREXPRESSION OF CAB1
- NTRC :
-
NADPH–THIOREDOXIN REDUCTASE
- CMAL :
-
CHLOROPLAST MraW-LIKE
- SAUR :
-
SMALL AUXIN-UP RNA
- GH3 :
-
Gretchen Hagen 3 Family
- YUC :
-
YUCCA
- PIN:
-
PIN FORMED
- PHY :
-
PHYTOCHROME
- HB7 :
-
Homeodomain-leucine zipper I HB7
- GLK2 :
-
GOLDEN 2-LIKE
- ARF :
-
AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR
- GLK1 :
-
GOLDEN 1-LIKE
- AHK :
-
Arabidopsis histidine kinase
- ALA:
-
5-Aminolevulinic acid
- ARR :
-
The type B Arabidopsis response regulators
- CAO :
-
Chlide a oxygenase
- CHLH :
-
Magnesium chelatase
- LHCB :
-
Light-harvesting complex II chlorophyll binding protein
- CLH :
-
Chlorophyllase
- CRY :
-
Cryptochrome
- DELLA :
-
Gibberellic acid-regulated growth-repression DELLA proteins
- EBF1 :
-
EIN3-binding F-box 1
- EIN3/EIL1 :
-
Ethylene-insensitive 3/EIN3-LIKE 1
- GUN4 :
-
GENOMES UNCOUPLED 4
- HEMA :
-
Glu-tRNA reductase
- GA:
-
Gibberellin acid
- ABA:
-
Abscisic acid
- ABI5 :
-
ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE 5
- NO:
-
Nitric oxide
- HP2 :
-
HIGH PIGMENT2
- SKL1 :
-
SHIKIMATE KINASE-LIKE1
- PGAM:
-
Phosphoglycerate mutase amino sequence
- PGDH1 :
-
PHOSPHOGLYCERATE DEHYDROGENASE1
- RNJ :
-
RIBONUCLEASE J
- SVR9 :
-
SUPPRESSOR OF VARIEGATION9
- SVRPL1 :
-
SUPPRESSOR OF VARIEGATION9 LIKE-1
- 2,4-D:
-
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- HY5 :
-
LONG-HYPOCOTYL5
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- H2O2 :
-
Hydrogen peroxide
- AsA–GSH cycle:
-
Ascorbate–glutathione cycle
- Cd:
-
Cadmium
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Acknowledgements
This research was supported by a Posdoctoral Fellowship to A.S.I from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT). This work was supported by a grant from CONACyT to C.D-L-P (CB2016-285898 and CB2016-286368) and from the Marcos Moshinsky Foundation.
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Salazar-Iribe, A., De-la-Peña, C. Auxins, the hidden player in chloroplast development. Plant Cell Rep 39, 1595–1608 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-020-02596-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-020-02596-y