Abstract
This experiment evaluated the effect of soil management systems (bare fallow, sawdust mulch and black plastic mulch) on the contents of phenolic compounds (total phenolics, flavonoids, gallotannins and condensed tannins), antioxidant activity (DPPH free radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, lipid peroxidation) and cytotoxic activity in berry and leaf extracts of seven black currant cultivars. Soil management systems and cultivars showed highly significant differences in the content of phenolic compounds, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. Sawdust mulch and bare fallow treatments had a significant positive effect on the synthesis of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in both berries and leaves. On the other hand, black currants grown on black plastic mulch had the highest cytotoxic activity. The tested extracts showed strong antioxidant and cytotoxic potential. Antioxidant activity expressed as the 50% inhibition concentration (IC50 value) ranged from 31.62 to 59.13 µg/mL and from 64.06 to 81.90 µg/mL, while cytotoxic activity varied from 15.91 to 37.89 µg/mL and from 26.28 to 38.18 µg/mL for berries and leaves extracts, respectively. Generally, the results suggested that black currants grow well under varied soil management systems, and indicated that soil management systems had a significant effect on the synthesis and accumulation of the tested parameters.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anttonen MJ, Karjalainen RJ (2006) High-performance liquid chromatography analyses of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) fruit phenolics grown either conventionally or organically. J Agric Food Chem 54(20):7530–7538. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0615350
Anttonen MJ, Hoppula KI, Nestby R, Verheul MJ, Karjalainen RO (2006) Influence of fertilization, mulch color, early forcing, fruit order, planting date, shading, growing environment, and genotype on the contents of selected phenolics in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) fruits. J Agric Food Chem 54(7):2614–2620. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf052947w
Asami DK, Hong YJ, Barrett DM, Mitchell AE (2003) Comparison of the total phenolic and ascorbic acid content of freeze-dried and air-dried marionberry, strawberry and corn grown using conventional, organic and sustainable agricultural practices. J Agric Food Chem 51(5):1237–1241. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020635c
Atkinson CJ, Dodds PA, Ford YY, Le Miere J, Taylor JM, Blake PS, Paul N (2006) Effects of cultivar, fruit number and reflected photosynthetically active radiation on Fragaria × ananassa productivity and fruit ellagic acid and ascorbic acid concentrations. Ann Bot 97(3):429–441. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcj046
Balunas MJ, Kinghorn AD (2005) Drug discovery from medicinal plants. Life Sci 78(5):431–441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2005.09.012
Baviskar BA, Khadabadia SS, Deore SL, Shiradkar MR (2012) Synthesis of clubbed Triazolyl Indeno [1,2-C] Isoquinolines as a novel anticancer agent. Pharm Sinica 3:24–30
Benvenuti S, Pellati F, Melegari MA, Bertelli D (2004) Polyphenols, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, and radical scavenging activity of Rubus, Ribes, and Aronia. J Food Sci 69(3):164–169. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb13352.x
Coventry JM, Fisher KH, Strommer JN, Reynolds AG (2003) Reflective mulch to enhance berry quality in Ontario wine grapes. Acta Hortic 689:95–102. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.689.7
Dai J, Mumper RJ (2010) Plant Phenolics: extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Molecules 15(10):7313–7352. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15107313
Dale A (2000) Black plastic mulch and between-row cultivation increase black currant yields. Hort Technol 10:307–308 (http://horttech.ashspublications.org/content/10/2/307.full.pdf)
Dighe RD, Shiradkara MR, Rohomb SS, Dighe PD (2011) Synthesis and SAR of methyl linked cyclohexylthiophenyltriazoles for their anti-Alzheimer activity. Chem Sinica 2(3):70–87
Ehlenfeldt MK, Prior RL (2001) Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and phenolic and anthocyanin concentrations in fruit and leaf tissues of highbush blueberry. J Agric Food Chem 49(5):2222–2227 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11368580)
Gu L, Kelm MA, Hammerstone JF, Beecher G, Holden J, Haytowitz D, Gebhardt S, Prior RL (2004) Concentrations of proanthocyanidins in common foods and estimations of normal consumption. J Nutr 134(3):613–617. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/134.3.613
Hinneburg I, Dorman HJD, Hiltunen R (2006) Antioxidant activities of extracts from selected culinary herbs and spices. Food Chem 97(1):122–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.03.028
Hsu CK, Chiang BH, Chen YS, Yang JH, Liu CL (2008) Improving the antioxidant activity of buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricm Gaertn) sprout with trace element water. Food Chem 108(2):633–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.11.028
Hummer KE, Dale A (2010) Horticulture of Ribes. For Pathol 40:251–263. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.2010.00657.x
Jia N, Xiong LY, Kong B, Liu Q, Xia X (2012) Radical scavenging activity of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) extract and its inhibitory effect on gastric cancer cell proliferation via induction of apoptosis. J Funct Foods 4(2):382–390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2012.01.009
Karjalainen R, Anttonen M, Saviranta N, Stewart D, Mcdougall GJ, Hilz H, Mattila P, Torronen R (2008) A review on bioactive in black currants (Ribes nigrum L.) and their potential health-promoting properties. Acta Hortic 839:301–307. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2009.839.38
Konczak I, Zhang W (2004) Anthocyanins—more than nature’s colours. J Biomed Biotechnol 5:239–240. https://doi.org/10.1155/S1110724304407013
Konić-Ristić A, Šavikin K, Zdunić G, Janković T, Juranic Z, Menković N, Stanković I (2011) Biological activity and chemical composition of different berry juices. Food Chem 125(4):1412–1417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.10.018
Kumar DS, Lal RB (2012) Effect of mulching on crop production under rainfed condition: a review. Int J Res Chem Environ 2(2):8–20 (http://www.ijrce.org/uploads/20/702_pdf.pdf)
Kumarasamy Y, Byres M, Cox PJ, Jaspars M, Nahar L, Sarker SD (2007) Screening seeds of some Scottish plants for free radical scavenging activity. Phytother Res 21(7):615–621. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2129
Lantto TA, Colucci M, Zavadova V, Hiltunen R, Raasmaja A (2009) Cytotoxicity of curcumin, resveratrol and plant extracts from basil, juniper, laurel and parsley in SH-SY5Y and CV1‑P cells. Food Chem 117(3):405–411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.04.018
Loughrin JH, Kasperbauer MJ (2003) Aroma content of fresh basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves is affected by light reflected from colored mulches. J Agric Food Chem 51(8):2272–2276. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf021076c
Markham KR (1989) Flavones, flavonoids, and their glycosides. In: Harborne JB, Dey PM (eds) Plant phenolics. Methods in plantbiochemistry., vol 1. Academic Press, London, pp 197–235
Mazza G (2007) Anthocyanins and heart health. Ann Ist Super Sanita 43(4):369–374 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18209270)
Melgarejoa P, Calín-Sánchezb A, Hernándeza F, Szumnyc A, Martíneza JJ, Leguaa P, Martíneza R, Carbonell-Barrachina AA (2012) Chemical, functional and quality properties of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) as affected by mulching. Sci Hortic 134:114–120 (https://docslide.com.br/documents/chemical-functional-and-quality-properties-of-japanese-plum-prunus-salicina.html)
Mikkonen TP, Maatta KR, Hukkanen AT, Kokko HI, Torronen AR, Karenlampi SO, Karjalainen RO (2001) Flavonol content varies among black currant cultivar. J Agric Food Chem 49(7):3274–3277 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11453762)
Moyer AR, Hummer EK, Finn EC, Frei B, Wrolstad ER (2002) Anthocyanins, phenolics and antioxidant capacity in diverse small fruits: Vaccinium, Rubus and Ribes. J Agric Food Chem 50(3):519–525 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11804523)
Noratto G, Porter W, Byrne D, Cisneros-Zevallos L (2009) Identifying peach and plum polyphenols with chemopreventive potential against estrogen-independent breast cancer cells. J Agric Food Chem 57(12):5219–5226. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf900259m
Pliakoni ED, Nanos GD, Gil IM (2010) Two-season study of the influence of regulated deficit irrigation and reflective mulch on individual and total phenolic compounds of nectarines at harvest and during storage. J Agric Food Chem 58(22):11783–11789. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf102387m
Puupponen-Pimiä R, Nohynek L, Alakomi HL, Oksman-Caldentey KM (2005) Bioactive berry compounds—novel tools against human pathogens (mini-review). Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 67(1):8–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-004-1817-x
Raudsepp P, Kaldmae H, Kikas A, Libek AV, Pussa T (2010) Nutritional quality of berries and bioactive compounds in the leaves of black cuurants (Ribes nigrum L.) cultivars evaluated in Estonia. J Berry Res 1:53–59
Schwarz B, Hofmann T (2007) Sensory-guided decomposition of red currant juice (Ribes rubrum) and structure determination of key astringent compounds. J Agric Food Chem 55(4):1394–1404. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0629078
Singleton V, Orthofer R, Lamuela-Raventos RM (1999) Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Methods Enzymol 299:152–175
Sinkevičiene A, Jodaugiene D, Pupaliene R, Urboniene M (2009) The influence of organic mulches on soil properties and crop yield. Agron Res 7(Special issue I):485–491
Tabart J, Franck T, Kevers C, Pincemail J, Serteyn D, Defraigne JO, Dommes J (2012) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Ribes nigrum extracts. Food Chem 131(4):1116–1122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.09.076
Tabart J, Kevers C, Pincemail J, Defraigne JO, Dommes J (2006) Antioxidant capacity of black currant varies with organ, season and cultivar. J Agric Food Chem 54(17):6271–6276. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf061112y
Takao T, Watanabe N, Yagi I, Sakata K (1994) A simple screening method for antioxidants and isolation of several antioxidants produced by marine bacteria from fish and shellfish. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 58(10):1780–1783. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.58.1780
Verrmeris W, Nicholson R (2006) Phenolic compound biochemistry. Springer, Dordrecht (https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9781402051630)
Wang SY, Lin H (2000) Antioxidant activity in fruits and leaves of blackberry, raspberry and strawberry varies with cultivar and developmental stage. J Agric Food Chem 48(2):140–146 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10691606)
Wang SY, Zheng W (2001) Effect of plant growth temperature on antioxidant capacity in strawberry. J Agric Food Chem 49(10):4977–4982 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11600054)
Acknowledgements
This study is part of Project Ref. No. 31093 financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
S.M. Paunović and P. Mašković declare that they have no competing interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Paunović, S.M., Mašković, P. Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activity in Berry and Leaf Extracts of Black Currant (Ribes nigrum L.) as affected by Soil Management Systems. Erwerbs-Obstbau 62, 293–300 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-020-00491-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-020-00491-0