Abstract
Wood processing residue, as an essential forest resource, is underestimated in the industrial applications. With the development of pulping technology, fiber quality and cost control have become the important prospects. It is very crucial to investigate the influencing factors of pulping, designed to reveal the relationship between fiber separation and physical performances. In this study, a range of effect factors of large-scale pulping process, including wood species, pretreatment, mechanical conditions, and post-bleaching treatment, were comprehensively investigated. The results illustrated that the industrial pulping process affected the dimensions of the fibers, their surface morphology, chemical structure, and thermal stability. The separated positions of the fibers were determined collectively by the mechanical temperature, time, and wood species. In addition, mild bleaching could effectively increase the crystallinity index, accessibility of the hydroxyl groups, and water retention values. However, it exerted a negative influence on the thermal stability. Further, chemical-assisted-refinement can replace higher temperature and prolonged ones to obtain pulp fibers with high quality while consuming less energy. Improved knowledge of how the industrial affects the fiber separation of a wood matrix and pulp quality is required as a basis for the development of the pulp and paper industry.
Funding source: National Natural Science Foundation of China
Award Identifier / Grant number: 31890771
Funding statement: We gratefully acknowledge the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31890771).
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
References
Auxenfans, T., Crônier, D., Chabbert, B., Paës, G. (2017) Understanding the structural and chemical changes of plant biomass following steam explosion pretreatment. Biotechnol. Biofuels 10:36.10.1186/s13068-017-0718-zSearch in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Barnett, J.R., Bonham, V.A. (2004) Cellulose microfibril angle in the cell wall of wood fibres. Biol. Rev. 79:461–472.10.1017/S1464793103006377Search in Google Scholar
Chen, Y., Fan, D., Han, Y., Li, G., Wang, S. (2017) Length-controlled cellulose nanofibrils produced using enzyme pretreatment and grinding. Cellulose 24:5431–5442.10.1007/s10570-017-1499-zSearch in Google Scholar
Chen, Y., Fan, D., Han, Y., Lyu, S., Lu, Y., Li, G., Jiang, F., Wang, S. (2018) Effect of high residue lignin on the properties of cellulose nanofibrils/films. Cellulose 25:6421–6431.10.1007/s10570-018-2006-xSearch in Google Scholar
Chen, Y., Yan, Z., Liang, L., Ran, M., Wu, T., Wang, B., Zou, X., Zhao, M., Fang, G., Shen, K. (2020) Comparative Evaluation of Organic Acid Pretreatment of Eucalyptus for Kraft Dissolving Pulp Production. Materials 13:361.10.3390/ma13020361Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
da Silva Morais, A.P., Sansígolo, C.A., de Oliveira Neto, M. (2016) Effects of autohydrolysis of Eucalyptus urograndis and Eucalyptus grandis on influence of chemical components and crystallinity index. Bioresour. Technol. 214:623–628.10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.124Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Donaldson, L. (2008) Microfibril angle: measurement, variation and relationships – a review. IAWA J. 29:345–386.10.1163/22941932-90000192Search in Google Scholar
Feng, N., Ren, L., Wu, H., Wu, Q., Xie, Y. (2019) New insights on structure of lignin-carbohydrate complex from hot water pretreatment liquor. Carbohydr. Polym. 224:115130.10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115130Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Fišerová, M., Opalena, E., Stankovska, M. (2016) Influence of beech wood pre-extraction on bleaching and strength properties of kraft pulps. Cellul. Chem. Technol. 50(7-8):837–845.Search in Google Scholar
Gindl, W., Gupta, H., Schöberl, T., Lichtenegger, H., Fratzl, P. (2004) Mechanical properties of spruce wood cell walls by nanoindentation. Appl. Phys. A 79:2069–2073.10.1007/s00339-004-2864-ySearch in Google Scholar
Gominho, J., Costa, R., Lourenço, A., Neiva, D., Pereira, H. (2019) The effect of different pre-treatments to improve delignification of eucalypt stumps in a biorefinery context. Bioresour. Technol. Rep. 6:89–95.10.1016/j.biteb.2019.02.004Search in Google Scholar
Groom, L., Shaler, S., Mott, L. (2007) Mechanical properties of individual southern pine fibers. Part III: Global relationships between fiber properties and fiber location within an individual tree. Wood Fiber Sci. 34:238–250.Search in Google Scholar
Han, X., Ye, Y., Lam, F., Pu, J., Jiang, F. (2019) Hydrogen-bonding-induced assembly of aligned cellulose nanofibers into ultrastrong and tough bulk materials. J. Mater. Chem. A 7:27023–27031.10.1039/C9TA11118BSearch in Google Scholar
Ibarra, D., Köpcke, V., Ek, M. (2010) Behavior of different monocomponent endoglucanases on the accessibility and reactivity of dissolving-grade pulps for viscose process. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 47:355–362.10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.07.016Search in Google Scholar
Lachenal, D., Fernandes, J., Froment, P. (1995) Behaviour of residue lignin in kraft pulp during bleaching. J. Pulp Pap. Sci. 21:J173.Search in Google Scholar
Li, B., Li, H., Zha, Q., Bandekar, R., Alsaggaf, A., Ni, Y. (2011) Effects of wood quality and refining process on TMP pulp and paper quality. BioResources 6:3569–3584.10.15376/biores.6.3.LiSearch in Google Scholar
Li, Y. Detailed analysis of the UV-adjustment techniques used in paper and graphic industries. Color Research & Application, 2017.Search in Google Scholar
Liu, Y.-L., Chen, K.-F., Lin, B.-P. (2014) The use of Mg (OH) 2 in the final peroxide bleaching stage of wheat straw pulp. BioResources 9:161–170.10.15376/biores.9.1.161-170Search in Google Scholar
Miao, Q., Chen, L., Huang, L., Tian, C., Zheng, L., Ni, Y. (2014) A process for enhancing the accessibility and reactivity of hardwood kraft-based dissolving pulp for viscose rayon production by cellulase treatment. Bioresour. Technol. 154:109–113.10.1016/j.biortech.2013.12.040Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Peng, H., Salmén, L., Stevanic, J.S., Lu, J. (2019) Structural organization of the cell wall polymers in compression wood as revealed by FTIR microspectroscopy. Planta 250:163–171.10.1007/s00425-019-03158-7Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Petit-Conil, M., Lecourt, M., Meyer, V. (2016) High-yield pulps: an interesting concept for producing lignocellulosic fibers. In: Lignocellulosic Fibers and Wood Handbook: Renewable Materials for Today’s Environment. pp. 157–205.10.1002/9781118773727.ch6Search in Google Scholar
Pönni, R., Rautkari, L., Hill, C.A., Vuorinen, T. (2014) Accessibility of hydroxyl groups in birch kraft pulps quantified by deuterium exchange in D2O vapor. Cellulose 21:1217–1226.10.1007/s10570-014-0166-xSearch in Google Scholar
Sandberg, C., Berg, J.-E., Engstrand, P. (2017) Process intensification in mechanical pulping. Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 32:615–619.10.3183/npprj-2017-32-04_p615-622_sandbergSearch in Google Scholar
Sikter, D., Karlström, A., Sandberg, C., Engstrand, P. (2008) Economic perspectives on quality control in TMP refining processes. Nord. Pulp Pap. Res. J. 23:305–314.10.3183/npprj-2008-23-03-p305-314Search in Google Scholar
Tabet, T.A., Aziz, F.A. Cellulose microfibril angle in wood and its dynamic mechanical significance. InTech, Rijeka, Croatia, 2013.Search in Google Scholar
Tasker, S., Badyal, J., Backson, S., Richards, R. (1994) Hydroxyl accessibility in celluloses. Polymer 35:4717–4721.10.1016/0032-3861(94)90723-4Search in Google Scholar
Wan, J., Wang, Y., Xiao, Q. (2010) Effects of hemicellulose removal on cellulose fiber structure and recycling characteristics of eucalyptus pulp. Bioresour. Technol. 101:4577–4583.10.1016/j.biortech.2010.01.026Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Wang, C., Yang, J., Wen, J., Bian, J., Li, M., Peng, F., Sun, R. (2019) Structure and distribution changes of Eucalyptus hemicelluloses during hydrothermal and alkaline pretreatments. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 133:514–521.10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.127Search in Google Scholar PubMed
Weise, U., Paulapuro, H. (1999) Effect of drying and rewetting cycles on fibre swelling. J. Pulp Pap. Sci. 25:163–166.Search in Google Scholar
Yang, L. (2017) Detailed analysis of the UV-adjustment techniques used in paper and graphic industries. Color Res. Appl. 42:19–26.10.1002/col.22015Search in Google Scholar
Zhang, Q., Xu, M., Xing, L., Dang, C., Han, X., Pu, J.W. (2017) Enzymatic Assisted Ultrasonic Pretreatments Effect on Poplar Pulp Properties. BioResources 12:6832–6843.10.15376/biores.12.3.6832-6843Search in Google Scholar
Zhou, H.D., Burton, P.J., Messier, C., Smith, D.W., Adamowicz, W.L. (2003) Reducing, reusing, and recycling solid wastes from wood fibre processing. Towards Sustainable Management of the Boreal Forest. pp. 759–798.Search in Google Scholar
Zobel, B. (1961) Inheritance of wood properties in conifers. Silvae Genet. 10:65–70.Search in Google Scholar
© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
