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A comparison of the Grass strobe and new LED photic stimulator for paediatric electroretinogram recordings

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A Correction to this article was published on 10 December 2020

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Abstract

Purpose

This study evaluated a new light-emitting diode (LED-S) photic stimulator and compared skin electroretinogram (ERG) responses obtained to those evoked by the Grass Instrument stimulator (GP-S).

Methods

Two sub-studies were combined to evaluate the difference in responses resulting from the LED-S and GP-S stimuli. The first was a photometry study that matched the LED-S stimuli to the GP-S. In the second study, electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded under scotopic and photopic conditions using stimuli each stimulator. The stimuli were matched photometrically to measurements obtained from the photometer located 30 cm in front of the stimulators. In addition, the ERG responses were recorded from the LED stimulator when photometrically matched to the GP-S blue stimulus presented through a ganzfeld. The amplitudes and time peaks of the resulting ERG a- and b-waves were then measured and compared using paired T-tests.

Results

Study 1: The LED-S was matched to the GP-S at various intensity settings measured 30 cm away from the stimulator. Measurement through a ganzfeld full-field stimulator (GFFS) demonstrated that the GP-S had a significant hot spot centrally.

Study 2: Photometrically matched ERGs evoked by both stimulators while employing the direct head-on measurements demonstrated multiple similarities. Similarities included component morphology, amplitude and implicit time across the two stimulators, excluding the rod-driven stimulus (GP-S setting employing a blue filter). Differences between the rod-driven ERGs evoked by the GP-S and LED-S while employing head-on photometric measurements were due to the significant difference in intensities between the two stimulators. The GP-S and LED-S evoked similar rod-driven ERG responses when they were matched using the GFFS photometrically matched intensities protocol.

Conclusion

A hand-held stimulator is essential when recording ERG’s in the practice of paediatric visual electrophysiology. The LED-S can match the GP-S stimulus intensities, making it a potential replacement for the GP-S. In addition, the LED-S has uniform intensity across the surface of the device compared to the GP-S, is silent for standard stimuli and can generate prolonged duration stimuli for the recording of on–off ERGs.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the UPMC Children’s Hospital ‘Owl Electrophysiology Unit’ technologists in their assistance in this project.

Funding

No funding was received by any of the authors in support of this work.

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Correspondence to Alkiviades Liasis.

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All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organisation or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements) or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This article does not contain any studies with animals.

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This was registered with the University of Pittsburgh’s Medical Centre. All human subjects were adult volunteers from the Department of Ophthalmology, and informed consent was given.

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Liasis, A., Gruszewski, J., Toro, J. et al. A comparison of the Grass strobe and new LED photic stimulator for paediatric electroretinogram recordings. Doc Ophthalmol 142, 185–193 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10633-020-09793-w

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10633-020-09793-w

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