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Twice as Nice? Sustained Exposure to a Universal Social–Emotional Learning Program Across Multiple Grades

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Abstract

Although universal social–emotional learning programs are increasingly implemented across the USA, few studies have examined the effects of sustained exposure to the same program across multiple grade levels. As such, the goal of this study was to isolate the effects of sustained exposure to a universal social–emotional learning program (Elliott & Gresham, Social skills improvement system: classwide intervention program [SSIS-CIP]. NCS Pearson, Bloomington, MN, 2007), on elementary students’ social, behavioral, and academic outcomes. Compared to students who experienced the SSIS-CIP in second grade only (N = 218), students exposed to the SSIS-CIP in first and second grade (N = 181) showed further gains in several social skill domain areas as well as academic engagement at the end of second grade. Interactions, however, indicated that some effects were potentially moderated by student or class-level skills at the beginning of second grade. Future research considerations and practical implications for universal social–emotional learning programming are discussed.

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Notes

  1. Sixteen second-grade students initially received the program in first grade; however, their second-grade teachers participated in data collection only (i.e., did not implement the SSIS-CIP), so these students were included in the single exposure condition.

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Funding

The research reported here was supported by the Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, through Grant R305A090438 to The Pennsylvania State University. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not represent the views of the Institute or the U.S. Department of Education.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, and Special Education, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    Leah J. Hunter, James C. DiPerna, Weiyi Cheng, Puiwa Lei & Susan Crandall Hart

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  1. Leah J. Hunter
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  2. James C. DiPerna
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  3. Weiyi Cheng
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  4. Puiwa Lei
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  5. Susan Crandall Hart
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Correspondence to Leah J. Hunter.

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Hunter, L.J., DiPerna, J.C., Cheng, W. et al. Twice as Nice? Sustained Exposure to a Universal Social–Emotional Learning Program Across Multiple Grades. School Mental Health 13, 84–100 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-020-09392-9

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