Abstract
Biofilms cause huge economic loss to the industry through corrosion. A deeper understanding of how biofilms form, develop and interact will help to decipher their roles in promoting and inhibiting corrosion, thus in controlling it. The present review explores most mechanisms of biofilm development and maintenance with particular emphasis on the roles of the biomolecules characteristic of biofilms, including exopolysaccharides (EPSs), proteins/enzymes, lipids, DNA and other metabolites in the corrosion process. These biomolecules play a significant role in the electron transfer process resulting in corrosion induction and inhibition. Microbial attachment, biofilm formation, the EPS matrix and both positive and negative effects by specific biofilm-forming genes all play roles in the electron transfer process. The current review describes these roles in detail. Although challenging to understand and control, the potential of biomolecules in the corrosion process is huge, and the coming decades will witness significant progress in the field. As well as discussing the technologies available for investigating corrosion induction and its inhibition, we also point to gaps in this knowledge.
Funding source: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Funding source: National Natural Science Foundation of China
Award Identifier / Grant number: Y3KY02103L
Funding source: PIFI project of Chinese Academy of Science
Award Identifier / Grant number: 2016VBC077
Funding source: National Basic Research Program of China
Award Identifier / Grant number: 2014CB643304
Funding source: CAS Research Fellowship for Senior International Scientists
Award Identifier / Grant number: 2009S1-36
About the authors
Dr. Santosh Kumar Karn received a PhD in biotechnology at the Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, India, and then held a postdoctorate fellowship at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. Dr. Karn has published more than 50 original research papers as the first or corresponding author in leading international journals. He has also reviewed about 140 research papers in industrial and environmental biotechnology. Dr. Karn has broad research interests in biotechnology, biofilms, enzymes and energy, bioremediation and extremophiles.
Anne Bhambri has an MSc in biochemistry from S.B.S. University, Dehradun, and is currently a doctoral student. She works on biological nutrient removal using specific microbes guided by S. K. Karn, Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, S.B.S. University, Dehradun, India.
Professor Ian R. Jenkinson holds a PhD in biological oceanography from the Queens University of Belfast, N. Ireland and has worked on 5 EU countries, Japan and China. As well as heading a research agency in France, he is a visiting professor of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Institute of Oceanology, Qingdao. He specializes in the relationship between marine organism, particularly harmful algae, and rheology including surface science, biofilms, biocorrosion and biofouling.
Professor Jizhou Duan holds a PhD from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOCAS), Qingdao, China. Then, he was a visiting researcher at the University of Hong Kong and at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan. Currently he is back at IOCAS as the Director of the Marine Corrosion and Protection Centre. He works primarily on the applied aspect of marine corrosion and biofouling, and he is specialized in sulphate-reducing bacteria and electron transfer measurement technology of microbial conductor material.
Dr. Awanish Kumar holds a PhD in molecular parasitology from Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, India and the CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India. He then was postdoctoral fellow in molecular biology at McGill University, Canada. Returning to India, he joined the National Institute of Technology, Raipur, as an assistant professor where he specializes in therapeutic aspects of disease biology and drug development.
Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun (UK), India, and National Institute of Technology (NIT), Raipur (CG), India, for providing the facility, space and resources for this work.
Author contribution: Original draft preparation: SKK and AB; project coordination: SKK and JD; review and editing: IJ, SKK, JD and AK.
Research funding: This work was supported by the Program of Visiting Research Scientist of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Y3KY02103L), PIFI project of Chinese Academy of Science (grant no. 2016VBC077) and National Basic Research Program of China (973) (grant no. 2014CB643304), as well as CAS Research Fellowship for Senior International Scientists (2009S1-36) to IRJ.
Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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