Development of an azo-naphthol-based probe for detecting hypochlorite (ClO−) via color change in aqueous solution

doi:10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108244

Inorganic Chemistry Communications

Volume 121, November 2020, 108244

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inoche.2020.108244 Get rights and content

Highlights

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An azo-naphthol-based sensor APBN was developed as a colorimetric probe for ClO⁻.
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APBN could probe ClO⁻ by oxidation cleavage of the CN bond with color change.
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APBN could quantify ClO⁻ in water samples with the low detection limit (0.47 μM).
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Sensing mechanism of APBN by ClO⁻ was supported by the theoretical calculation.

Abstract

A novel azo-naphthol-based colorimetric probe APBN (sodium 4-((E)-(4-(((E)-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylene)amino)phenyl)diazenyl)benzenesulfonate) was synthesized and applied for detecting hypochlorite (ClO⁻) in aqueous solution. It showed a good selectivity toward ClO⁻ by color change from yellow to colorless via the cleavage of C double bond N bond. Detection limit for ClO⁻ was determined as 0.47 μM. APBN can be used to determine ClO⁻ in real water sample, and also successfully detect ClO⁻ using test kit coated with APBN. The sensing mechanism of APBN to ClO⁻ was illustrated by theoretical calculation.

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CRediT authorship contribution statement

Chang Joo Rha: Investigation, Validation, Writing - review & editing. Hangyul Lee: Software, Formal analysis, Writing - review & editing. Cheal Kim: Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Supervision.

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgements

This subject was supported by MOE (Korea Ministry of Environment) as “The Chemical Accident Prevention Technology Development Project” (No. 2016001970001).

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Citation Excerpt :
Therefore, the concentration of ClO− in tap water should be controlled in the range of 0.01–10 mM [6]. As previously reported, various methods had been accessed to detect ClO−, such as colorimetric [7], fluorescence [8], electrochemical [9], and chromatography [10]. The fluorescence analysis is sensitive and easy to operate, which has become one of the most potential detection methods.
Excessive hypochlorite (ClO⁻) is easy to form residues in water, which will seriously endanger human health and environmental pollution. Therefore, it is essential to develop a sensitive fluorescent sensor to detect ClO⁻ in water. Herein, a simple and economical fluorescent probe for the detection of ClO⁻ was designed by highly exfoliated graphite-like carbon nitride (Ex_g-C₃N₄). The results showed that Ex_g-C₃N₄ had obvious fluorescence quenching effect on ClO⁻ with high selectivity and anti-interference ability, which was feasible for making probes for detecting ClO⁻ in water. Sensing experiments showed that the Ex_g-C₃N₄ probe had the detection limit of 5.56 nM while the detection range was 0–62 mM in water. Moreover, the fast response time of Ex_g-C₃N₄ was less than 30 s, illustrating the superior sensitivity. Besides, the fluorescence sensing experiment was carried out in various liquid conditions, which demonstrated that Ex_g-C₃N₄ probe had outstanding detecting application in natural environment. A portable fluorescent test strip for rapid detecting ClO⁻ was successfully developed. The response of the probe on test strip towards ClO⁻ was investigated, and the detection limit (0.1 μM) is low enough to meet the safety requirements in tap water. Furthermore, the quenching mechanism of Ex_g-C₃N₄ probe was also discussed.
Ex_g-C3N4 as a Novel Fluorescent Probe for Sensitive Detecting ClO- in Water Samples with Portable Test Strip
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Inorganic Chemistry Communications

Highlights

Abstract

Graphical abstract

Section snippets

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Declaration of Competing Interest

Acknowledgements

References (30)

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Inorg. Chem. Commun.

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Cited by (7)

Highly selective dual-responsive chemosensor for S<sup>2-</sup> in pure water and its application to environmental samples such as beverage, zebrafish and food spoilage

Ex_g-C<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf> as a novel fluorescent probe for sensitive detecting ClO<sup>−</sup> in water samples with portable test strip

Ex_g-C3N4 as a Novel Fluorescent Probe for Sensitive Detecting ClO<sup>-</sup> in Water Samples with Portable Test Strip

Green-emitting carbon quantum dots as a dual-mode fluorescent and colorimetric sensor for hypochlorite

Microwave-assisted preparation of fluorescent carbon nitride nanoparticles and their application in the detection of free chlorine

One-step construction of a novel AIE probe based on diaminomaleonitrile and its application in double-detection of hypochlorites and formaldehyde gas

Short communicationDevelopment of an azo-naphthol-based probe for detecting hypochlorite (ClO−) via color change in aqueous solution

Highlights

Abstract

Graphical abstract

Section snippets

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Declaration of Competing Interest

Acknowledgements

Tetrahedron Lett.

Sensors Actuators, B

Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol.

Spectrochim. Acta, Part A

Sensors Actuators, B

Sensors Actuators, B

Spectrochim. Acta, Part A

Anal. Chim. Acta

Inorg. Chem. Commun.

Int. J. Electrochem. Sci.

J. Chromatogr. A

Talanta

Inorg. Chem. Commun.

Sensors Actuators, B

Int. Endod. J.

Short communication
Development of an azo-naphthol-based probe for detecting hypochlorite (ClO⁻) via color change in aqueous solution