Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Laboratory investigation of compaction characteristics of fresh and degraded municipal solid waste

  • Article
  • Published:
Waste Disposal & Sustainable Energy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Compaction characteristics of municipal solid waste (MSW) are the important parameters in the landfill design. Well compacted MSW increases the placement efficiency and thus reduces the space requirement for landfills. The composition of MSW, degradation, and compactive efforts are the key factors that control the compaction characteristics of MSW. This paper presents the laboratory investigation of compaction characteristics of fresh and aged MSW at a wide range of compactive efforts. Fresh MSW (S1), Windrows sample (S2) of an age of 2 months, 5-year-old MSW (S3), 10-year-old MSW (S4), and 15-year-old MSW (S5) were collected from the working phase of the solid waste management site, Vilholi Nasik, (MH) India. Compaction was carried in 1000 mL capacity mold under four different energy levels, i.e., 552 (E1), 1125 (E2), 2682 (E3), and 5364 (E4) kJ/m3. The results showed that the maximum dry density (γdmax) was observed less in the S1 sample at the standard compactive effort. As the age of the sample increase from fresh to 5 years, γdmax was more with lesser optimum moisture content (wopt) because of the completion of the biodegradation process. No further change in compaction characteristics was observed once the biodegradation process was finished. The study shows that the particle size of MSW gets reduced as the age of the sample increased. This reduces the particle size of MSW is one of the contributing factors to increasing γdmax. When compactive energy is changed from E1 to E4 the γdmax increased and wopt decreased for all the samples. A normalized wopt and compaction energy correlation is proposed in this study. The correlation can get compaction characteristics of fresh and aged MSW at any compactive effort.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization. Manual on SWM 2016 Ministry of Urban Development. New Delhi: Government of India; 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Pulat FH, Yukselen-Aksoy Y. Compaction behavior of synthetic and natural MSW samples in different compositions. Waste Manag Res. 2013;31(12):1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Dixon N, Jones DRV. Engineering properties of municipal solid waste. Geotext Geomembr. 2005;23:205–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. ASTM D698-12e2. Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using standard effort (12 400 ft-lbf/ft3 (600 kN-m/m3)). West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International; 2012. Available online: http://www.astm.org. Accessed 29 Mar 2020.

  5. ASTM D1557-07. Standard test methods for laboratory compaction characteristics of soil using modified effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2,700 kN-m/m3)). West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International; 2007. Available online: http://www.astm.org. Accessed 29 Mar 2020.

  6. Harris MRR. Geotechnical characteristics of landfilled domestic refuse. In: The Engineering Behaviour of Industrial and Urban Fill. Proc. of the Symp. held at the Univ. of Birmingham, Midland Geotechnical Society, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, 1979. pp. B1–B10.

  7. Gabr MA, Valero SN. Geotechnical properties of municipal solid waste. Geotech Test J. 1995;18(2):241–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Reddy KR, Hettiarachchi H, Parakalla NS, et al. Geotechnical properties of fresh municipal solid waste at Orchard Hills, Landfill, USA. Waste Manag. 2009;29:952–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Reddy K, Hettiarachchi H, Gangathulasi J, et al. Geotechnical properties of synthetic municipal solid waste. Int J Geotech Eng. 2009;3:429–38.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Hanson JL, Yesiller N, Stockhausen SAV, et al. Compaction characteristics of municipal solid waste. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng. 2010;136(August):1095–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Okonta FN, Ngcobo N, Mtsweni M, et al. Compaction properties of municipal solid waste. In: Singh D., Galaa A. (eds) Contemporary Issues in Geoenvironmental Engineering. GeoMEast 2017. Sustainable Civil Infrastructures. Springer, Cham. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61612-4_23.

  12. Cox JT, Yesiller N, Hanson JL. Implications of variable waste placement conditions for MSW landfills. Waste Manag. 2015;46:338–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Hyun P II, Borinara P, Hong KD. Geotechnical considerations for end-use of old municipal solid waste landfills. Int J Environ Res. 2011;5:573–84.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Reddy KR, Hettiarachchi H, Giri RK. Effects of degradation on geotechnical properties of municipal solid waste from Orchard Hills, Landfill, USA. Int J Geosynth Ground Eng. 2015;1(24):1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  15. ASTM D2216-10. Standard test methods for laboratory determination of water (moisture) content of soil and rock by mass. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International; 2010. Available online: http://www.astm.org. Accessed 29 Mar 2020.

  16. ASTM D854-10. Standard test methods for specific gravity of soil solids by water pycnometer. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International; 2010. http://www.astm.org. Accessed 29 Mar 2020.

  17. ASTM D6913/D6913M-17. Standard test methods for particle-size distribution (gradation) of soils using sieve analysis. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International; 2017. http://www.astm.org. Accessed 29 Mar 2020.

  18. Yesiller N, Hanson JL, Cox JT, et al. Determination of specific gravity of municipal solid waste. Waste Manag. 2014;35(5):848–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Reddy KR, Hettiarachchi H, Gangathulasi J, et al. Geotechnical properties of municipal solid waste at different phases of biodegradation. Waste Manag. 2011;31:2275–86.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Horpibulsuk S, Katkan W, Apichatvullop A. An approach for assessment of compaction curves of fine-grained soils at various energies using a one-point test. Soils Found. 2008;48(1):115–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for the Solid Waste Management Plant (Nasik, Maharashtra, India) for providing access to the landfill and their help.

Funding

None.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Sandip University, Nashik, India

    Mahesh Endait & Swati Patil

Authors
  1. Mahesh Endait
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Swati Patil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mahesh Endait.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors hereby declare that there is no conflict of interest in this study.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Endait, M., Patil, S. Laboratory investigation of compaction characteristics of fresh and degraded municipal solid waste. Waste Dispos. Sustain. Energy 2, 305–312 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42768-020-00049-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42768-020-00049-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation