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Immunosuppressive Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-derived Exosomes

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Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have become important seed cells in therapy because of their immunosuppressive function and anti-inflammatory effects. MSCs exert immunosuppressive effects through direct contact or paracrine action. The paracrine functions of MSCs are at least partially mediated by exosomes, which are membrane vesicles, carrying abundant proteins, nucleic acids and other active molecules. MSC-exos have heterogeneity. The exosomes from different donors, tissues generations of MSCs carry different bioactive molecules. These cargos are transferred to recipient cells by endocytosis or binding to proteins on the receptor surface to mediate intercellular communication between different cell types and affect the functions of the recipient cells. Exosomes play an important role in the regulation of the immune system. Exosomes derived from MSCs (MSC-exos) carry immunomodulatory effectors or transmit active signal molecules to regulate the biological activities of immune cells and thus mediating immune suppression, especially on macrophages and T cells. Mitochondria and autophagy-related pathways are also associated with MSC-exos immunosuppressive effects.

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81802815, 31201052). The authors confirm independence from the sponsors; the content of the article has not been influenced by the sponsors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China

    Xiaoli Qian & Lisha Li

  2. College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China

    Nan An, Yifan Ren & Chenxin Yang

  3. Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Immunology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China

    Xiaoling Zhang

  4. National-local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China

    Xiaoling Zhang

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  1. Xiaoli Qian
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  5. Xiaoling Zhang
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Correspondence to Xiaoling Zhang or Lisha Li.

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This article belongs to the Topical Collection: Special Issue on Exosomes and Microvesicles: from Stem Cell Biology to Translation in Human Diseases

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Qian, X., An, N., Ren, Y. et al. Immunosuppressive Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells-derived Exosomes. Stem Cell Rev and Rep 17, 411–427 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-020-10040-7

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