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Study of the formation of ferrihydrite under prebiotic chemistry conditions: artificial seawater 4.0 Gy and ammonium thiocyanate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 September 2020

Dimas A. M. Zaia Open the ORCID record for Dimas A. M. Zaia [Opens in a new window] ,
Murilo A. Coutinho ,
Dante H Mosca ,
Antônio C. S. da Costa  and
Alexandre Urbano
Dimas A. M. Zaia*
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Química Prebiótica-LQP, Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, CEP 86.057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
Murilo A. Coutinho
Affiliation:
Laboratório de Química Prebiótica-LQP, Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, CEP 86.057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
Dante H Mosca
Affiliation:
Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico, Curitiba81531-980, Paraná
Antônio C. S. da Costa
Affiliation:
Departamento de Agronomia-CCA, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá87020-900, PR, Brazil
Alexandre Urbano
Affiliation:
Departamento de Física-CCE, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, CEP 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: Dimas A. M. Zaia, E-mail: damzaia@uel.br
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Abstract

Among the several steps involved in molecular evolution, molecular preconcentration is the first and most important. If the molecules are not preconcentrated the other steps of molecular evolution cannot occur. There are several ways to preconcentrate molecules: sorption, wetting/drying cycles, freezing/sublimation and sorption/precipitation with minerals. In the present work, the effect of NH4SCN and artificial seawater 4.0 Gy on the synthesis of ferrihydrite was studied. It should be noted that thiocyanate could play the same role as that of CN− in the Strecker reaction. Unlike today's seawater that has high Na+ and Cl− concentrations, the seawater used in this work has high Mg2+, Ca2+ and SO42− concentrations. Two results stand out, first SCN− and NH4+ were preconcentrated by sorption/precipitation in some syntheses and second, in some experiments, a mixture of goethite, hematite and magnetite was obtained. The sorption/precipitation of SCN− is always associated with the synthesis of goethite. This could be an indication that SCN− interacts with Fe3+ through the sulphur group of SCN−. In addition, the synthesis of magnetite could be an indication that the SCN− ion oxidized, forming thiocyanogen-(SCN)2 or trithiocyanate ion-(SCN)−3 and that Fe3+ reduced to Fe2+. Besides the sorption/precipitation of SCN− and NH4+, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy also showed that sorption/precipitation of SO42− and CO32− occurred. Ferrihydrite synthesized with artificial seawater presented the highest surface area and pore size. The pHpzc values of the samples were in the range of pHpzc described in the literature. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements performed show proportions of iron present in different oxidation states, however, the electronic similarities observed in the mixtures of iron oxides and oxy-hydroxides make it difficult to quantify them. Direct comparison between XPS spectra of the Fe2p and O 1s core-levels reveal no significant differences from the effect of artificial seawater 4.0 Gy on the synthesis of ferrihydrite.

Keywords

Ammonium thiocyanateiron oxidesorigin of lifeXPS
Type
Research Article
Information
International Journal of Astrobiology , Volume 19 , Issue 6 , December 2020 , pp. 462 - 473
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Copyright © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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