Abstract
Long-term and short-term assessments of sediment yield from river basins are required in planning soil conservation measures, water storage in reservoirs and prediction of morphological responses in rivers. In present study, detailed quantification of land-use land-cover and climate variabilityin two contrasting subcatchments of Upper Tapi basin, India, are reported for period 1980–2010. The pattern of measured sediment concentration, decadal and intra-annual variations of sediment yield at the outlets of boththe sub-catchments are presented and attributed with land-use land-cover and climate variability of the relevant periods. Higher sediment and water yields observed at the outlet of Burhanpur sub-catchment are due to steep and hilly topography, excessive deforestation and relatively high simple daily monsoonal intensity index (SDMII) within the sub-catchment versus Purna sub-catchment. In both the sub-catchments, maximum and minimum sediment concentrations are in July and September months respectively. Higher sediment concentration at the outlet of Purna sub-catchment is due to excessive alluvial deposits, extensive agricultural activities and generation of correspondingly less runoff within the sub-catchment. The observed reduction in sediment yield pattern in recent years is due to development of minor hydraulic structures (water area), decrease in scrub lands, increased planned agricultural land and decrease in the SDMII within both sub-catchments. The correlation analyses have indicated that total monsoonal basin average rainfall (TMBAR), rainy days (RD) and SDMII have been found to be significantly correlated with sediment yield for Burhanpur sub-catchment vis-à-vis SDMII and TMBAR for the Purna sub-catchment. Also, the sediment yield from the sub-catchments in the past have been found to be excessively higher than planned reservoir sedimentation of Hatnur reservoir, located at the outlet of the Upper Tapi basin.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allan, D. Erickson, D. and Fay, J. (1997) The influence of catchment land use on stream integrity across multiple spatial scales. Freshw. Biol., v.37(1), pp.149–161.
Anderson, J.R. (1976) A land use and land cover classification system for use with remote sensor data; United States Geological Survey Eros Data Centre NASA 96428.
Annual Research Report (2007–08) Maharashtra Engineering Research Institute, Nashik, India.
Araghinejad, S. (2014) Data-driven Modeling using MATLAB in Water Resources and Environmental Engineering; Springer 67.
Badar, B., Romshoo, S.A., and Khan, M.A. (2013) Modelling catchment hydrological responses in a Himalayan Lake as a function of changing land use and land cover. Jour. Earth Syst. Sci., v.122(2) pp.433–449.
Bakker, M.M., Govers, G., van Doorn, A., Quetier, F., Chouvardas, D. and Rounsevell, M. (2008) The response of soil erosion and sediment export to land-use change in four areas of Europe: the importance of landscape pattern. Geomorphology, v.98(3–4), pp.213–226.
Boix-Fayos, C., Barberá, G.G., López-Bermúdez, F. and Castillo, V.M. (2007) Effects of check dams, reforestation and land-use changes on river channel morphology: case study of the Rogativa catchment (Murcia, Spain). Geomorphology, v.91(1–2), pp.103–123.
Cantón, Y., Solé-Benet, A., De Vente, J., Boix-Fayos, C., Calvo-Cases, A., Asensio, C. and Puigdefábregas, J. (2011) A review of runoff generation and soil erosion across scales in semiarid south-eastern Spain. Jour. Arid Environ., v.75(12), pp.1254–1261.
Cerda, A. (2002) The effect of season and parent material on water erosion on highly eroded soils in eastern Spain. Jour. Arid Environ. v.52(3), pp.319–337.
Chandra, P. (2016) Prediction of sediment yield and identification of erosion prone areas for soil conservation measures in Upper Tapi basin, India; Ph.D. thesis, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, India.
Chandra, P., Patel, P.L. and Porey, P.D. (2016) Prediction of sediment erosion pattern in Upper Tapi Basin, India. Curr. Sci. v.110(6), pp.1038–1049.
De Vente, J. and Poesen, J. (2005) Predicting soil erosion and sediment yield at the basin scale: scale issues and semi-quantitative models. Earth-Sci. Rev., v.71(1–2), pp.95–125.
Dearing, J.A. and Jones, R.T. (2003) Coupling temporal and spatial dimensions of global sediment flux through lake and marine sediment records. Global Planet. Change, v.39(1–2), pp.147–168.
Dunne, T. (1979) Sediment yield and land use in tropical catchments. Jour. Hydrol., v. 42(3–4), pp.281–300.
Gobin, A., Jones, R., Kirkby, M., Campling, P., Govers, G., Kosmas, C. and Gentile, A.R. (2004) Indicators for pan-European assessment and monitoring of soil erosion by water. Environ. Sci. Policy, v.7(1), pp.25–38.
Greer, J.D. (1971) Effect of excessive-rate rainstorms on erosion. Jour. Soil Water Conserv., v.24, pp.196–197.
Hamed, K.H. and Rao, A.R. (1998) A modified Mann-Kendall trend test for autocorrelated data. Jour. Hydrol., v.204(1–4), pp.182–196.
Hire, S.P. (1999) Geomorphic and hydrologic studies of floods in the Tapi basin; Ph.D. thesis, University of Pune, Pune, India.
Hirsch, R.M., Slack, J.R. and Smith, R.A. (1982) Techniques of trend analysis for monthly water quality data. Water Resour. Res. v.20(6), pp.727–732.
Horton, R.E. (1945) Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., v.56(3), pp.275–370.
Jain, S.K., Agarwal, P.K. and Singh, V.P. (2007) Hydrology and Water Resources of India; Water Science and Technology Library, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Jordan, G., Van Rompaey, A., Szilassi, P., Csillag, G., Mannaerts, C. and Woldai, T. (2005) Historical land use changes and their impact on sediment fluxes in the Balaton basin (Hungary). Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., v. 108(2), pp. 119–133.
Kale, V.S. and Hire, P.S. (2004) Effectiveness of monsoon floods on the Tapi River, India: role of channel geometry and hydrologic regime; Geomorphology, v.57(3–4), pp.275–291.
Kale, V.S. and Hire, P.S. (2007) Temporal variations in the specific stream power and total energy expenditure of a monsoonal river: The Tapi River, India. Geomorphology, v.92(3–4), pp.134–146.
Kang, S., Zhang, L., Song, X., Zhang, S., Liu, X., Liang, Y. and Zheng, S. (2001) Runoff and sediment loss responses to rainfall and land use in two agricultural catchments on the Loess Plateau of China. Hydrol. Process., v.15(6), pp.977–988.
Kheirfam, H. and Vafakhah, M. (2015) Assessment of some homogeneous methods for the regional analysis of suspended sediment yield in the south and southeast of the Caspian Sea. Jour. Earth Syst. Sci., v. 124(6), pp.1247–1263.
Kober, F., Ivy-Ochs, Schlunegger, F., Baur, H., Kubik, P.W. and Wieler, R. (2007) Denudation rates and a topography-driven rainfall threshold in northern Chile: Multiple cosmogenic nuclide data and sediment yield budgets. Geomorphology, v.83(1–2), pp.97–120.
Kuhnle, R.A., Bingner, R.L., Foster, G.R. and Grissinger, E.H. (1996) Effect of land use changes on sediment transport in Goodwin Creek. Water Resour. Res., v.32(10), pp.3189–3196.
Ladhe, P.P., Sangita, S. and Deshmukh, A. (2008) Sedimentation: A critical problem of major irrigation projects: A case study of Hatnur Dam in Jalgaon district, Maharashtra; Proc. Sodh, Samiksha Aur Mulyankan (International Research journal), pp.350–351.
Langbein, W.B. and Schumm, S.A. (1958) Yield of sediment in relation to mean annual precipitation. Eos, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union., v.39(6), pp.1076–1084.
Mengistu, D.T. and Sorteberg, A. (2012) Sensitivity of SWAT simulated streamflow to climatic changes within the Eastern Nile River basin. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., v. 16(2), pp.391–407.
Murray Hicks, D.M., Hill, J. and Shankar, U. (1996) Variation of suspended sediment yields around New Zealand: the relative importance of rainfall and geology; In: Proceedings of Exeter Symposium on Erosion and Sediment Yield: Global and Regional Perspect, pp.431–445.
Nandargi, S.S. (1996) Rainstorm studies for planning and development of water resources of the Indian region. Ph.D. thesis, University of Pune, Pune, India.
Pal, L. (2016) Impact of climate variability and anthropogenic changes in runoff and sediment yield in Upper Tapi basin, India. M.Tech. thesis, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, India.
Parsons, A.J., Wainwright, J., Brazier, R.E. and Powell, D.M. 2006 Is sediment delivery a fallacy? Earth Surf. Process. Landf., v.31(10), pp.1325–1328.
Patel, P.L. and Timbadiya, P.V. (2018) Morphological study Tapi river using remote sensing technique; Report submitted to Central Water Commission Ministry of Jal Shakti, New Delhi, India.
Prosser, I.P., Rutherfurd, I.D., Olle, J.M., Young, W.J., Wallbrink, P. and Moran, C.J. (2001) Corrigendum to: Large-scale patterns of erosion and sediment transport in river networks, with examples from Australia. Mar. Freshw. Res., v.52(5), pp.817–817.
Renschler, C.S. and Harbor, J. (2002) Soil erosion assessment tools from point to regional scales-therole of geomorphologists in land management research and implementation. Geomorphology, v.47(2–4), pp.189–209.
Resmi, S.R., Patel, P.L. and Timbadiya, P.V. (2018) Morphological study of Upper Tapi river using remote sensing and GIS techniques. ISH Jour. Hydraul. Engg., v.25(3), pp.1–9.
Romshoo, S.A., Bhat, S.A., and Rashid, I. (2012) Geoinformatics for assessing the morphometric control on hydrological response at watershed scale in the Upper Indus Basin. Jour. Earth Syst. Sci., v.121(3), pp.659–686.
Serrano Muela, M.P., Nadal Romero, E., Lana Renault, N., González Hidalgo, J.C., López Moreno, J.I., Beguería, S., Sanjuan, Y. and García Ruiz, J.M. (2015) An exceptional rainfall event in the central western Pyrenees: spatial patterns in discharge and impact. Land Degrad. Dev., v.26(3), pp.249–262.
Sharma, P.J., Loliyana, V.D., Resmi, S.R., Timbadiya, P.V. and Patel, P.L. (2017) Spatio temporal trends in extreme rainfall and temperature indices over Upper Tapi Basin, India. Theor. Appl. Climatol., v. 134, pp.1–26.
Shi, Z.H., Ai, L., Li, X., Huang, X.D., Wu, G.L. and Liao, W. (2013) Partial least-squares regression for linking land-cover patterns to soil erosion and sediment yield in watersheds. Jour. Hydrol., v.498 pp.165–176.
Shi, Z.H., Huang, X.D., Ai, L., Fang, N.F. and Wu, G.L. (2014) Quantitative analysis of factors controlling sediment yield in mountainous watersheds. Geomorphology, v.226, pp.193–201.
Sinha, R.K. and Eldho, T.I. (2018) Effects of historical and projected land use/cover change on runoff and sediment yield in the Netravati river basin, Western Ghats, India. Environ. Earth Sci., v. 77(3), pp.111.
Thomas, M.F. (2001) Landscape sensitivity in time and space-an introduction. Catena, v.42(2–4), pp.83–98.
Tripathi, A., Kumar, N. and Chauhan, D.K. (2017) Understanding Integrated Impacts of Climate Change and Pollution on Ganges River System: A Mini Review on Biological Effects, Knowledge Gaps and Research Needs. SMJ. Biol., v.3(1), pp.1017.
Van Rompaey, A.J., Govers, G. and Puttemans, C. (2002) Modelling land use changes and their impact on soil erosion and sediment supply to rivers. Earth Surf. Process. Landf., v.27(5), pp.481–494.
Valentin, C., Agus, F., Alamban, R., Boosaner, A., Bricquet, J.P., Chaplot, V., de Guzman, T., de Rouw, A., Janeau, J.L., Orange, D. Phachomphonh, K., DuyPhai, D., Podwojewski, P., Ribolzi, O., Silvera, N., Subagyono, K., Thiébaux, J.P., Duc Toan, T. and Vadari, T. 2008 Runoff and sediment losses from 27 upland catchments in Southeast Asia: Impact of rapid land use changes and conservation practices. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., v.128(4), pp.225–238.
Verstraeten, G. and Poesen, J. (2000) Estimating trap efficiency of small reservoirs and ponds: methods and implications for the assessment of sediment yield. Prog. Phys. Geogr., v.24(2), pp. 219–251.
Ward, P.D., Montgomery, D.R. and Smith, R. (2000) Altered river morphology in South Africa related to the Permian-Triassic extinction. Science, v.289(5485), pp.1740–1743.
Weinbauer, M.G., Bettarel, Y., Cattaneo, R., Luef, B., Maier, C., Motegi, C., Peduzzi, P. and Mari, X. (2009) Viral ecology of organic and inorganic particles in aquatic systems: avenues for further research. Aquat. Microb. Ecol., v.57(3), pp.321.
Wilson, R.J. (1972) Land control in Kenya’s smallholder farming areas. East. Afr. Jour. Rural Dev., v.5(1–2), pp.123–140.
Xu, Z.X., Li, J.Y. and Liu, C.M. (2007) Long-term trend analysis for major climate variables in the Yellow River basin. Hydrol. Process., v.21, pp.1935–1948.
Zhang, H.Y., Shi, Z.H., Fang, N.F. and Guo, M.H. (2015) Linking watershed geomorphic characteristics to sediment yield: Evidence from the Loess Plateau of China. Geomorphology, v.234, pp.19–27.
Ziadat, F.M. and Taimeh, A.Y. (2013) Effect of rainfall intensity, slope, land use and antecedent soil moisture on soil erosion in an arid environment. Land Degrad Dev., v.24(6), pp.582–590.
Acknowledgement
The authors are thankful to the Central Water Commission (CWC), Ministry of Jal Shakti, Govt. of India, for providing necessary financial support through project titled “Morphological Study of Tapi River using Remote Sensing Technique” and data required for the study. The authors are also thankful to Centre of Excellence (CoE) on “Water Resources and Flood Management”, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology (SVNIT) -Surat under TEQIP-II for the resourceful help and support.The authors are thankful to the Editor-in-chief, Associate Editors and three anonymous reviewers for their suggestions in improving the readability of the paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Resmi, S.R., Patel, P.L. & Timbadiya, P.V. Impact of Land Use-Land Cover and Climatic Pattern on Sediment Yield of Two Contrasting Sub-Catchments in Upper Tapi Basin, India. J Geol Soc India 96, 253–264 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-020-1545-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-020-1545-6