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Behavioral modeling of a piezoelectric harvester with adaptive energy-investment for improved battery charging

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Abstract

This work describes the behavior of a piezoelectric energy harvesting system that uses a single inductor and the concept of energy investment for the whole of building a behavioral model for the harvester and a high-level system analysis approach. The harvester modules and control were specified and described in Verilog-A to fully model the energy harvester operation. Simulation results have shown the harvesting mechanism based on the concept of energy-investment and model accuracy, and the effect of the invested energy on the battery charging profile, highlighting the trade-off a constant energy investment time poses to the harvester, unable to meet the requirements a non-constant input vibration sets to system. An adaptive energy investment time based on a P&O algorithm was proposed to cope with this trade-off and added to the harvester model. Performed simulations with adaptive energy investment have shown improved energy harvesting, and that such improvement increases as the input power increases, since the system can tune the energy investing mechanism to the input vibrations.

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Notes

  1. \(R_{PZ}\) accounts for transducer losses and it was neglected in this work.

  2. It is out of scope of this work the evaluation of behavioral simulation times versus electrical ones.

  3. Dumping is associated with the transducer internal mechanical losses.

  4. The P&O algorithm may be better modeled, alternatively, by a parallel Verilog-A process or purpose specific state machine.

  5. The average value of \(\Delta V_{BAT}\) is computed over the past 10 cycles in this work. However, the number of cycles or filtering depth was not analyzed here nor implementation issues.

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Acknowledgements

This work was partially supported by CAPES, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Brazil), under the Grant 1701988/2017-3.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Post-graduation Course on Computer Science - PPGCC, Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

    Tales Luiz Bortolin

  2. Department of Electronics and Computing, Federal University of Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil

    André Luiz Aita

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  1. Tales Luiz Bortolin
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  2. André Luiz Aita
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Correspondence to André Luiz Aita.

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Appendix: Verilog-A code

Appendix: Verilog-A code

The full Verilog-A code used to model the piezoelectric energy harvester with adaptive energy investment time may be asked to the authors.

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Bortolin, T.L., Aita, A.L. Behavioral modeling of a piezoelectric harvester with adaptive energy-investment for improved battery charging. Analog Integr Circ Sig Process 106, 249–259 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-020-01708-8

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