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Role of bone 1stem cell–seeded 3D polylactic acid/polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite scaffold on a critical-sized radial bone defect in rat

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Abstract

Osteoconductive biomaterials were used to find the most reliable materials in bone healing. Our focus was on the bone healing capacity of the stem cell–loaded and unloaded PLA/PCL/HA scaffolds. The 3D scaffold of PLA/PCL/HA was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), rheology, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) have multipotential differentiation into osteoblasts. Forty Wistar male rats were used to organize four experimental groups: control, autograft, scaffold, and BMSCs-loaded scaffold groups. qRT-PCR showed that the BMSCs-loaded scaffold had a higher expression level of CD31 and osteogenic markers compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Radiology and computed tomography (CT) scan evaluations showed significant improvement in the BMSCs-loaded scaffold compared with the control group (P < 0.001). Biomechanical estimation demonstrated significantly higher stress (P < 0.01), stiffness (P < 0.001), and ultimate load (P < 0.01) in the autograft and BMSCs-loaded scaffold groups compared with the untreated group and higher strain was seen in the control group than the other groups (P < 0.01). Histomorphometric and immunohistochemical (IHC) investigations showed significantly improved regeneration scores in the autograft and BMSCs-loaded scaffold groups compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between the scaffold and control groups in all tests (P < 0.05). The results depicted that our novel approach will allow to develop PLA/PCL/HA 3D scaffold in bone healing via BMSC loading.

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Funding

This study was supported by the Veterinary School, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. The authors would also like to thank the INSF (grant number 96006039) for its financial support.

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  1. Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

    Sonia Sahvieh, Ahmad Oryan & Amir Kamali

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

    Shadi Hassanajili

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  1. Sonia Sahvieh
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Correspondence to Ahmad Oryan.

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This study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of “Regulations in using animals in scientific procedures” in the School of Veterinary Medicine of our University and all rats gained humane care that followed the Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals published by the National Institutes of Health (NIH Publication No. 85-23, revised 1985).

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Sahvieh, S., Oryan, A., Hassanajili, S. et al. Role of bone 1stem cell–seeded 3D polylactic acid/polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite scaffold on a critical-sized radial bone defect in rat. Cell Tissue Res 383, 735–750 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-020-03284-9

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