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A New Rotary Dryer Assisted by Infrared Radiation for Drying of Acerola Residues

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Abstract

Acerola is a tropical fruit whose residues from its processing contain amounts vitamin C, phenolic and other bioactive compounds at the same level of the fruit pulp and juice. In this work we used a novel system for acerola waste drying, which is composed by a new rotary dryer (developed by our research group), named roto-aerated dryer, equipped with a new pre-drying system using infrared radiation. In addition, a pretreatment with ethanol was performed to improve the process performance. The ascorbic acid content, total phenolic content, total flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activity were quantified before and after drying. The main phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified by high performance liquid chromatography. Operating conditions that promoted high moisture removal (91.2%) and that yield to a product with high antioxidant activity (IC50 = 11.6 ± 0.3 µg/mL) and low water activity (0.374) were identified. The pretreatment with ethanol led to an increase of up to 72% of the moisture reduction. Therefore, the drying results revealed that this novel dryer system combined with the ethanol pre-treatment is a good alternative for dehydration, reducing the process time and maintaining a high antioxidant activity.

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Abbreviations

AA:

Ascorbic acid content (mg/100 g of sample, dry matter)

ACL:

Chlorogenic acid content (mg/100 g of sample, dry matter)

APC:

P-coumaric acid content (mg/100 g of sample, dry matter)

Awi :

Water activity after infrared dryer (–)

Awr :

Water activity roto-aerated dryer (–)

CAF:

Caffeic acid content (mg/100 g of sample, dry matter)

CCD:

Central composite design

CE:

Experiment with ethanol pretreatment

CR:

Regression coefficient

GAE:

Gallic acid (mg/100 g of sample, dry matter)

HPLC:

High performance liquid chromatography

IC50 :

Sample capable of reacting with 50% of the radical present in the DPPH• solution (μg of sample/mL)

Mir :

Moisture after infrared dryer (g H2O/100 g, dry matter)

Mroto :

Moisture after roto-aerated dryer (g H2O/100 g, dry matter)

MRi :

Moisture removed after infrared dryer (%)

MRr :

Moisture removed roto-aerated dryer (%)

MRtotal :

Total moisture removed (%)

P :

Infrared lamp power (W)

Rw :

Drying rate (percentage points per hour)

SD:

Standard deviation

SE:

Experiment without ethanol preteatment

T :

Air temperature (°C)

Τ:

Residence time (min)

τtotal :

Total residence time (min)

TFC:

Total flavonoids content (mg of rutin/100 g of sample, dry matter)

TPC:

Total phenolic content (mg of gallic acid equivalent/100 g of sample, dry matter)

V :

Air velocity (m/s

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by CAPES (Federal Agency for the Support and Improvement of Higher Education), CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) and FAPEMIG (Minas Gerais Research Support Foundation).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Federal Center of Technological Education of Minas Gerais, Campus Timóteo, Timóteo, MG, Brazil

    Priscila B. Silva

  2. School of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Uberlândia, PO Box 593, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil

    Geraldo D. R. Nogueira, Claudio R. Duarte & Marcos A. S. Barrozo

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  1. Priscila B. Silva
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  2. Geraldo D. R. Nogueira
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  3. Claudio R. Duarte
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  4. Marcos A. S. Barrozo
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Correspondence to Marcos A. S. Barrozo.

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Silva, P.B., Nogueira, G.D.R., Duarte, C.R. et al. A New Rotary Dryer Assisted by Infrared Radiation for Drying of Acerola Residues. Waste Biomass Valor 12, 3395–3406 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-020-01222-y

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