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Clinical Characteristics and Bone Features of Autosomal Recessive Hypophosphatemic Rickets Type 1 in Three Chinese Families: Report of Five Chinese Cases and Review of the Literature

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Abstract

Autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets type 1 (ARHR1) was reported to be caused by homozygous mutation of dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1). To date, very few cases have been reported. Here, we summarized clinical, laboratory and imaging findings of ARHR1 patients in our hospital. Literature review was performed to analyze genotype–phenotype correlation. Five Chinese patients from three unrelated pedigrees presented with lower extremity deformity and short stature. Hypophosphatemia, elevated alkaline phosphatase, high intact fibroblast growth factor 23 and sclerostin were found. X-ray uncovered coexistence of osteomalacia and osteosclerosis. Although areal bone mineral density (aBMD) of axial bone measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was relatively high in all patients, volumetric BMD (vBMD) and microstructure of one adult patient’s peripheral bone detected by HR-pQCT were damaged. Mutation analyses of DMP1 revealed three homozygous mutations including two novel mutations, c.54 + 1G > C and c.94C > A (p.E32X), and a reported mutation c.184-1G > A. Genotype–phenotype correlation analysis including 30 cases (25 from literature review and 5 from our study) revealed that patients harboring mutations affecting C-terminal fragment of DMP1 presented with shorter stature (Z score of height = − 3.4 ± 1.6 vs − 1.0 ± 1.6, p = 0.001) and lower serum phosphate level (0.70 ± 0.15 vs 0.84 ± 0.16, p = 0.03) than those harboring mutations only affecting N-terminal fragment. In summary, we reported five Chinese ARHR1 patients and identified two novel DMP1 mutations. High aBMD and local osteosclerosis in axial bone with low vBMD and damaged microstructure in peripheral bone were featured. Genotype–phenotype correlation analysis confirmed the important role of C-terminal fragment of DMP1.

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Acknowledgements

We appreciate our patients and healthy controls for their participation in this study. This study was supported by "13th Five-Year" National Science and Technology Major Project for New Drugs (No: 2019ZX09734001), the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFA0800801), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81670714) and the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (No. 2016-I2M-3-003).

Funding

This study was supported by "13th Five-Year" National Science and Technology Major Project for New Drugs (No: 2019ZX09734001), the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFA0800801), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81670714, No.81970757) and the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (No.2016-I2M-3-003).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Commission of Health, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China

    Xiaolin Ni, Xiang Li, Chang Liu, Ou Wang, Mei Li, Xiaoping Xing, Yan Jiang & Weibo Xia

  2. Laboratory Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China

    Qi Zhang

  3. Central Research Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China

    Yiyi Gong

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  1. Xiaolin Ni
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  2. Xiang Li
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Contributions

WB Xia designed the study. XLN, XL, QZ, CL, YJ, WBX prepared the first draft of the paper. Clinical information was collected by YJ, XLN, XL, and CL. The experiments were performed by XLN and QZ. The data were analyzed by XLN, YYG, YJ, and WBX. OW, XPX, ML, YJ, and WBX revised the manuscript. XLN, YJ, and WBX are responsible for the integrity of the data analysis. All listed authors revised the paper critically for intellectual content and approved the final version of the submitted manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yan Jiang or Weibo Xia.

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Ni, X., Li, X., Zhang, Q. et al. Clinical Characteristics and Bone Features of Autosomal Recessive Hypophosphatemic Rickets Type 1 in Three Chinese Families: Report of Five Chinese Cases and Review of the Literature. Calcif Tissue Int 107, 636–648 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-020-00755-7

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