Abstract
This work concerns the study of the combustion kinetic characteristics of chars made from three different biomass species, vine and kiwi pruning wastes, and gorse from forest cleaning process in a fluidized bed combustor, operating in the bubbling bed regime, at four bed temperatures, 750, 820, 850 and 920 °C. Batches of the original biomass pellets were carbonized in a nitrogen fluidized bed, either at 900 °C, for the kiwi and vine pellets, or at 800 °C for the gorse pellets. To acquire complete information on the combustion behaviour, different sizes of the char particles were subsequently burned in a bubbling fluidized bed. The evolution of the overall combustion resistance, and information on the combustion control were obtained. It was observed that for the kiwi and vine chars, the combustion was controlled through a combination of diffusion and kinetics, while for the gorse char the combustion was diffusionally controlled. In addition, the pre-exponential factors and activation energies were obtained for the kiwi and vine chars, by applying the Arrhenius law to the kinetic data for each char. Activation energy values of 246.16 kJ/mol for the kiwi char and of 155.02 kJ/mol for the vine char were obtained.
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Abbreviations
- \(\mathop {\Delta h^{^{\prime}} }\nolimits_{{}}\) :
-
Enthalpy of combustion for the carbon to CO oxidation [kJ/kg]
- \(\mathop \phi \nolimits_{p}\) :
-
Sphericity of a char particle [–]
- \(\mathop \sigma \nolimits_{{}}\) :
-
Stefan–Boltzman constant [W/(m2 K4)]
- \(\mathop \varepsilon \nolimits_{p}\) :
-
Emissivity of a char particle [–]
- \(\mathop A\nolimits_{{}}\) :
-
Pre-exponential factor [m/s]
- \(\mathop A\nolimits_{p}\) :
-
Surface area of a char particle [m2]
- \(\mathop A\nolimits_{s}\) :
-
Surface area of a sphere with the same volume [m2]
- \(\mathop c\nolimits_{pg}\) :
-
Constant pressure specific heat of gas [J/(kg K)]
- \(\mathop C\nolimits_{p}\) :
-
Molar concentration of oxygen in the particulate phase [kmol/m3]
- \(\mathop C\nolimits_{s}\) :
-
Molar concentration of oxygen at the particle surface [kmol/m3]
- \(\mathop d\nolimits_{{}}\) :
-
Corrected spherical diameter of the particle [m]
- \(\mathop d\nolimits_{s}\) :
-
Diameter of a sphere with the same volume [m]
- \(\mathop D\nolimits_{{}}\) :
-
Diameter of a cylindrical particle [m]
- \(\mathop D\nolimits_{G}\) :
-
Oxygen diffusivity in the air [m2/s]
- \(\mathop E\nolimits_{a}\) :
-
Activation energy [J/mol]
- \(\mathop f\nolimits_{c}\) :
-
Mass fraction of carbon [–]
- \(\mathop f\nolimits_{cf}\) :
-
Mass fraction of the fixed carbon [–]
- \(\mathop f\nolimits_{cv}\) :
-
Carbon mass fraction in the volatiles [–]
- \(\mathop f\nolimits_{v}\) :
-
Volatiles mass fraction in the char particles [–]
- \(\mathop h\nolimits_{O2}\) :
-
Oxygen enthalpy [kJ/kg]
- \(\mathop h\nolimits_{C}\) :
-
Carbon enthalpy [kJ/kg]
- \(\mathop h\nolimits_{CO}\) :
-
Carbon monoxide enthalpy [kJ/kg]
- \(\mathop k\nolimits_{c}\) :
-
Reaction rate constant for the heterogeneous reaction [m/s]
- \(\mathop k\nolimits_{tg}\) :
-
Gas thermal conductivity [W/(m K)]
- \(\mathop K\nolimits_{{}}\) :
-
Overall combustion resistance [s/m]
- \(\mathop L\nolimits_{{}}\) :
-
Length of a cylindrical particle [m]
- \(\mathop {\dot{m}}\nolimits_{O2}\) :
-
Oxygen mass flow rate [kg/s]
- \(\mathop {\dot{m}}\nolimits_{C}\) :
-
Carbon mass flow rate [kg/s]
- \(\mathop {m^{i} }\nolimits_{cf}\) :
-
Mass of carbon consumed until time instant i [kg]
- \(\mathop {\dot{m}}\nolimits_{CO}\) :
-
Carbon monoxide mass flow rate [kg/s]
- \(\mathop M\nolimits_{C}\) :
-
Molecular mass of carbon [kg/kmol]
- \(\mathop M\nolimits_{C3H8}\) :
-
Molecular mass of propane [kg/kmol]
- \(\mathop {\tilde{n}}\nolimits_{{}}\) :
-
Generic molar concentration [kmol/m3]
- \(\mathop {\dot{N}}\nolimits_{{O_{2} }}\) :
-
Molar oxygen flow rate reaching the particle surface [kmol/s]
- \(\mathop {\dot{Q}}\nolimits_{s - g}\) :
-
Heat transfer rate towards the gas around the particle [W]
- \(\mathop {\dot{Q}}\nolimits_{s - i}\) :
-
Heat transfer rate towards the center of the particle [W]
- \(\mathop {\dot{Q}}\nolimits_{rad}\) :
-
Heat transfer rate through radiation [W]
- \(\mathop R\nolimits_{0}\) :
-
Carbon molar consumption rate [kmol/s]
- \(\mathop {\overline{R}}\nolimits_{{}}\) :
-
Universal gas constant [J/(kmol K)]
- \(\mathop {Sh}\nolimits_{{}}\) :
-
Particle Sherwood number [−]
- \(\mathop {t^{i} }\nolimits_{{}}\) :
-
Time instant i [s]
- \(\mathop T\nolimits_{{}}\) :
-
Temperature [K]
- \(\mathop T\nolimits_{b}\) :
-
Bed temperature [K]
- \(\mathop T\nolimits_{p}\) :
-
Particle temperature [K]
- \(U\) :
-
Fluidization velocity [m/s]
- \(U_{mf}\) :
-
Minimum fluidization velocity [m/s]
- \(\mathop {\dot{V}}\nolimits_{air}\) :
-
Volume flow rate of air [m3/s]
- \(\mathop {x^{i} }\nolimits_{CO2}\) :
-
Carbon dioxide molar fraction at time i [–]
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Acknowledgements
The present work was supported by the INTERREG Project N. PR321705—BIOMASA_AP and carried out in the Combustion Laboratory of INEGI.
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Mateus, S., Ferreira, V., Sanches, A. et al. Determination of Combustion Kinetic Data of Some Agricultural Wastes from the Galicia-Northern Portugal Euroregion. Waste Biomass Valor 12, 3091–3107 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-020-01227-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-020-01227-7