Abstract
The glasses of samarium (0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mol %) doped lithium strontium borate samples were synthesized. The physical and optical properties are studied at ambient conditions and discussed in this study. XRD spectra reveals the no atomic order in structure (amorphous) present in these glasses. Infrared spectroscopic study reveals the structural units of borate viz., BO3 and BO4 group present in the matrix. Interestingly, it is found that as the rare earth concentration increases and beyond 1.5 mol % the luminescence intensity decreases due to non-bridging Sm3+ ions in the glass network. The peaks in absorption spectra are due to dipole transition from 6H5/2 to levels corresponds to (2S + 1)LJ excited states under the excitation wavelength of 402 nm. Judd–Ofelt theory applied to estimate dipole strength in terms of J–O parameters (Ω2, Ω4 and Ω6), oscillator strength (fexp and fcal), radiative transition possibility (AR), branching ratio (βR) and stimulated emission cross section (σ) of the glass samples. From Judd–Ofelt analysis the parameters obtained are shown for 1.50 mol % of Sm3+ doped lithium strontium borate (LSB) glasses studied, which were compared with other glasses. The obtained results suggest their potential candidature for using as solid state material lighting applications due their efficient orange emissions.
Similar content being viewed by others
REFERENCES
Karmakar, B., Som, T., Prakash Singh, Sh., and Nath, M., Nanometal-glass hybrid nanocomposites synthesis properties and applications, Trans. Ind. Cera-m. Soc., 2012, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/0371750X.2010.11090834
Kothandan, D. and Jeevan Kumar, R., Investigations on optical and physical properties of Sm2O3, Dy2O3 and Eu2O3 doped zinc strontium bismuth borate glasses, J. Austral. Ceram. Soc., 2016, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 156–166. https://doi.org/10.29011/IJBBT-102.100002
Dawaud, R.S.E.S., Hashim, S., Alajerami, Y.S.M., Mhareb, M.H.A., and Tamchek, N., Optical and structural properties of lithium sodium borate glasses doped Dy3+ ions, J. Mol. Struct., 2014, vol. 1075, no. 89, pp. 113–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.06.032
Maheshvaran, K., Linganna, K., and Marimuthu, K., Composition dependent structural and optical properties of Sm3+ doped boro-tellurite glasses, J. Lumin., 2011, vol. 131, no. 1, pp. 2746–2753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2011.06.047
Jha, A., Glass structure, properties and characterization, Inorg. Glass Photon. Fundam. Eng. Appl., 1960, vol. 1, pp. 51–78.
Veléz, M., Tuller, H., and Uhlmann, D., Chemical durability of lithium borate glasses, J. Non. Cryst. Solids, 1982, vol. 49, pp. 351–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(82)90131-4
Ohta, Y., Shimada, M., and Koizumi, M., Structure of lithium borate and strontium borate glasses with high modifier contents, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 1982, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 161–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(82)90003-5
Kar, S., Verma, S., and Bartwal, K.S., Optical and thermoluminescence characteristics of gamma irradiated Mn doped Li2B4O7 single crystals, Phys. B (Amsterdam, Neth.), 2010, vol. 405, no. 20, pp. 4299–4302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2010.07.030
Burak, Y.V., Padlyak, B.V., and Shevel, V.M., Neutron-induced defects in the lithium tetraborate single crystals, Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids, 2002, vol. 157, no. 2, pp. 1101–1109. https://doi.org/10.1080/10420150215791
Mohan, Sh., Kaur, S., Singh, D.P., and Kaur, P., Structural and luminescence properties of samarium doped lead alumino borate glasses, Opt. Mater., 2017, vol. 73, pp. 223–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2017.08.015
Li, Zh., Wu, P., Jiang, X., Zhang, Zh., and Xu, Sh., The synthesis of rare earth borate glasses and their luminescence properties, J. Lumin., 1988, vol. 40, no. 41, pp. 135–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2313(88)90124-X
Farries, M.C., Morkel, P.R., and Townsend, J.E., Spectroscopic and lasing characteristics of samarium doped glass fibre, IEEE Proc., 1990, vol. 137, no. 5, pp. 318–322. https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-j.1990.0054
Rajaramakrishna, R., Knorr, B., Dierolf, V., Anavekar, R.V., and Jain, H., Spectroscopic properties of Sm3+-doped lanthanum borogermanate glass, J. Lumin., 2014, vol. 156, pp. 192–198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2014.07.021
Kamaruddin, W.H.A., Rohani, M.S., Sahar, M.R., Liu, H., and Sang, Y., Synthesis and characterization of lithium niobium borate glasses containing neodymium, J. Rare Earths, 2016, vol. 34, pp. 1199–1205. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0721(16)60154-0
Santos, S.N.C., Almeida, J.M.P., Paula, K.T., Tomazio, N.B., Mastelaro, V.R., and Mendonça, C.R., Characterization of the third-order optical nonlinearity spectrum of barium borate glasses, Opt. Mater., 2017, vol. 73, no. 12, pp. 16–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2017.06.060
Kashif, I., Ratep, A., and El-Mahy, S.K., Structural and optical properties of lithium tetraborate glasses containing chromium and neodymium oxide, Mater. Res. Bull., 2017, vol. 89, pp. 273–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2017.02.006
Duffy, J.A., Electronic polarizability and related properties of the oxide ion, Phys. Chem. Glasses, 1989, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3093(01)00940-1
Obayes, H.Kh., Wagiran, H., Hussin, R., and Saeed, M.A., Strontium ions concentration dependent modifications on structural and optical features of Li4Sr(BO3)3 glass, J. Mol. Struct., 2016, vol. 1111, pp. 132–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.01.088
El-Fayoumia, M.A.K. and Farouk, M., Structural properties of Li–borate glasses doped with Sm3+ and Eu3+ ions, J. Alloys Compd., 2009, vol. 482, pp. 356–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2009.04.021
Dimitrov, V. and Komatsu, T., An interpretation of optical properties of oxides and oxide glasses in terms of the electronic ion polarizability and average single bond strength (review), J. Univ. Chem. Technol. Metall., 2010, vol. 45, pp. 219–250.
Algradee, M.A., Sultan, M., Samir, O.M., Elwhab, A., and Alwany, B., Electronic polarizability, optical basicity and interaction parameter for Nd2O3 doped lithium-zinc-phosphate glasses, Appl. Phys. A, 2017, vol. 123, no. 08, pp. 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-017-1136-6
Mott, N.F. and Davis, E.A., Electronic Processes in the Non-Crystalline Materials, Oxford: Clarendon, Oxford Univ. Press, 1979, vol. 2, pp. 590–594.
Luewarasirikul, N. and Kaewkhao, J., Spectroscopic properties and Judd–Ofelt analysis of Sm3+ ions in barium sodium borate glasses, Mater. Today Proc., 2017, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 6224–6233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.06.120
Rajaramakrishna, R., Lakshmikantha, R., Ayachit, N.H., and Anavekar, R.V. Optical properties and Judd–Ofelt analysis of Sm3+ doped lead zinc borate glass, Int. J. Pure Appl. Sci., 2013, vol. 2, pp. 24–34.
Gautam, Ch., Kumar Yadav, A., and Kumar Singh, A., A review on infrared spectroscopy of borate glasses with effects of different additives, Int. Scholarly Res. Network ISRN Ceram., 2012, vol. 1, pp. 1–17. https://doi.org/10.5402/2012/428497
Kamitsos, E.I., Infrared studies of borate glasses, Phys. Chem. Glasses, 2003, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 79–87. https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/sgt/pcg/2003/ 00000044/00000002/art00007.
Julien, C., Massot, M., and Balkansk, M., Infrared studies of the structure of borate glasses, Mater. Sci. Eng., 1989, vol. B3, pp. 307–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-5107(89)90026-3
Ali, A.A., Rammah, Y.S., El-Mallawany, R., and Souri, D., FTIR and UV spectra of pentaternary borate glasses, Measurement, 2017, vol. 105, pp. 72–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2017.04.010
Reduan, S.A., Hashim, S., Ibrahim, Z., Alajerami, Y.S.M., Mhareb, M.H.A., Maqableh, M., Dawaud, R.S.E.S., and Tamchek, N., Physical and optical properties of Li2O–MgO–B2O3 doped with Sm3+, J. Mol. Struct., 2014, vol. 1060, pp. 6–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.12.052
Kashif, I., Ratep, A., and El-Mahy, S.K., Structural and optical properties of lithium tetraborate glasses containing chromium and neodymium oxide, Mater. Res. Bull., 2017, vol. 89, pp. 273–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2017.02.006
Kamitsos, E.I., Karakassides, M.A., and Chryssikos, G.D., A vibrational study of lithium borate glasses with high Li2O content, Phys. Chem. Glasses, 1987, vol. 28, pp. 203–209.
Ibrahim, A.M., Ahmed Hammad, H., Abdelghany, A.M., and Rabie, G.O., Mixed alkali effect and samarium ions effectiveness on the structural, optical and non-linear optical properties of borate glass, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 2018, vol. 495, pp. 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2018.05.015
Shaaban, K.H.S., Abo-Naf, S.M., Hassouna, M., E.M., Physical and structural properties of lithium borate glasses containing MoO3, Silicon, 2017, pp. 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-016-9519-4
Saidu, A., Wagiran, H., Saeed, M.A., and Alajerami, Y.S.M., Structural properties of zinc lithium borate glass, Opt. Spectrosc., 2014, vol. 117, no. 3, pp. 396–400. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0030400X14090239
Obayes, H.Kh., Wagiran, H., Hussin, R., and Saeed, M.A., Strontium ions concentration dependent modifications on structural and optical features of Li4Sr(BO3)3 glass, J. Mol. Struct., 2016, vol. 1111, pp. 132–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.01.088
Li, J., Xia, Sh. and Gao, Sh., FT-IR and Raman spectroscopic study of hydrated borates, Spectrochim. Acta, 1995, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 519–532. https://doi.org/10.1016/0584-8539(94)00183-C
Halimah, M.K., Faznny, M.F., Azlan, M.N., and Sidek, H.A.A., Optical basicity and electronic polarizability of zinc borotellurite glass doped La3+ ions, Results Phys., 2017, vol. 537, pp. 9–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2017.01.014
Wan, M.H., Wong, P.S., Yew, E.T., Zuhairi, I., and Rosli, H., Structural and luminescence properties of borate glass with lithium and strontium modifier doped with transition metal ions, Adv. Mater. Res., 2012, vol. 501, pp. 71–75. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.501.71
Vijayakumar, M. and Marimuthu, K., Structural and luminescence properties of Dy3+ doped oxyfluoro-borophosphate glasses for lasing materials and white LEDs, J. Alloys Compd., 2015, vol. 629, pp. 230–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.12.214
Usharani, V.L. and Eraiah, B., Structural and optical properties of samarium doped lithium lead borate glasses, Mater. Res. Express, 2019, vol. 6, pp. 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab0768
Zulfiqar Ali Ahamed, Sd., Madhukar Reddy, C., and Deva Prasad Raju, B., Spectroscopic and laser properties of Sm3+ ions doped lithium fluoroborate glasses for efficient visible lasers, Spectrochim. Acta, Part A, 2013, vol. 103, pp. 246–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2012.11.030
Kumar Yadav, A. and Singh, P., A review of the structures of oxide glasses by Raman spectroscopy, RSC Adv., 2015, vol. 5, pp. 67583–67609. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ra13043c
Munia Ganguli and Rao, K.J., Structural Role of PbO in Li2O–PbO–B2O3 Glasses, J. Solid State Chem., 1999, vol. 145, pp. 65–76. https://sci-hub.tw/10.1006/ jssc.1999.8221.
Yiannopoulos, Y.D., Chryssikos, G.D., and Kamitsos, E.I., Structure and properties of alkaline earth borate glasses, Phys. Chem. Glasses, 2001, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 164–172. https://www.ingentaconnect.com/ content/sgt/pcg/2001/00000042/00000003/4203164#.
Meera, B.N. and Ramakrishna, J., Raman spectral studies of borate glasses, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 1993, vol. 159, pp. 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(93)91277-A
Mahato, K.K., Rai, D.K., and Rai, S.B., Optical studies of Sm3+ doped oxyfluoroborate glass, Solid State Commun., 1998, vol. 108, no. 9, pp. 671–676. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0038-1098(98)00442-6
Filho, A., G.S., Freire, P., T.C., Guedes, I., Melo, F.E.A., Filho, J.M., Custodio, M.C.C., Lebullenger, R., and Hernandes, A.C., High-pressure dependence of Sm3+ emission in PbO–PbF2–B2O3 glasses, Mater. Sci. Lett., 2000, vol. 19, pp. 135–137. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006655632032
Nachimuthu, P., Jagannathan, R., Nirmal Kumar, V., and Narayana Rao, D., Absorption and emission spectral studies of Sm3+ and Dy3+ ions in PbO–PbF2 glasses, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 1997, vol. 217, pp. 215–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3093(97)00151-8
Canalejo, M., Cases, R., and Alcala, R., Optical properties of Sm3+ in fluorozirconate glasses, Phys. Chem. Glasses, 1988, vol. 29, pp. 187–191. ISSN: 0031-9090
Kumar, A., Rai, D.K., and Rai, S.B., Optical properties of Sm3+ ions doped in tellurite glass, Spectrochim. Acta, Part A, 2003, vol. 59, pp. 917–925. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1386-1425(02)00282-2
Cho, E.-J., Jayasimhadri, M., Jang, K.-W., Kim, I.-G., and Lee, H.-S., Optical spectroscopy and luminescence properties of Sm3+ doped lead-germinate glasses, J. Korean Phys. Soc., 2008, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 599–605. https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.52.599
Reisfeld, R. and Jorgensen, C.K., Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare Earths, Amsterdam: Elsevie-r, 1987, vol. 9, pp. 1–90.
Deopa, N. and Rao, A.S., Spectroscopic studies of Sm3+ ions activated lithium lead alumino borate glasses for visible luminescent device applications, Opt. Mater., 2017, vol. 72, pp. 31–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2017.04.067
Linganna, K., Basavapoornima, C., and Jayasankar, C.K., Luminescence properties of Sm3+-doped fluorosilicate glasses, Opt. Commun., 2015, vol. 344, pp. 100–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2015.01.032
Zaccaria, S., Casarin, M., Speghini, A., Ajo, D., and Bettinelli, M., Optical spectroscopy of trivalent lanthanide ions in strontium metaphosphate glasses, Spectrochim. Acta, Part A, 1998, vol. 55, pp. 171–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1386-1425(98)00180-2
Srivastav, P., Rai, S.B., and Rai, D.K., Optical properties of Sm3+ doped calibo glass with addition of lead oxide, Spectrochim. Acta, Part A, 2004, vol. 60, pp. 637–642. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1386-1425(03)00273-7
Venkatramu, V., Babu, P., Jayasankar, C.K., Th. Troster, Sievers, W., and Wortmann, G., Optical spectroscopy of Sm3+ ions in phosphate and fluorophosphate glasses, Opt. Mater., 2007, vol. 29, pp. 1429–1439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2006.06.011
Umamaheswari, D., Jamalaiah, B.C., Sasikala, T., Kim, I.-G., and Rama Moorthy, L., Photoluminescence properties of Sm3+-doped SFB glasses for efficient visible lasers, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 2012, vol. 358, pp. 782–787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2011.12.023
Yuliantini, L., Hidayat, R., Djamal, M., Boonin, K., Yasaka, P., Kaewnuam, E., and Kaewkhao, J., Development of Sm3+ doped ZnO–Al2O3–BaO–B2O3 glasses for optical gain medium, J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 2018, vol. 482, pp. 86–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2017.12.012
Kirdsiri, K., Raja Ramakrishna, R., Damdee, B., Kim, H.J., Kaewjaeng, S., Kothan, S., and Kaewkhao, J., Investigations of optical and luminescence features of Sm3+ doped Li2O-MO-B2O3 (M = Mg/Ca/Sr/Ba) glasses mixed with different modifier oxides as an orange light emitting phosphor for WLED’s, J. Alloys Compd., 2018, vol. 749, pp. 197–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.03.266
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Dr. R. Rajaramakrishna thank Prof. Dr. J. Kaewkhao for his support the work and also thank Nakhon Pathom Rajabhat University. Mr. Venugopal thank department of PG studies and research in physics, The National College, Jayanagar, Bangalore–560 070 for providing the research facilities for synthesis of the glass and supervisor Dr. K. Rajashekara and Dr. R. Rajaramakrishna.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Venugopal, A.R., Rajaramakrishna, R., Abhiram, J. et al. Sm3+ Doped Lithium Strontium Borate Glasses for Solid State Lighting Applications. Glass Phys Chem 45, 472–484 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1087659620010216
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1087659620010216