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Effect of lanthanum 4-hydroxy cinnamate on the polymerisation, condensation and thermal stability of hybrid sol–gel formulations

  • Original Paper: Sol-gel, hybrids and solution chemistries
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Abstract

Hybrid organic–inorganic sol–gel based coatings are of increasing interest nowadays as conversion coating replacements due to their promising performance. They provide good barrier properties; however, they lack active corrosion protection. Lanthanum 4-hydroxy cinnamate [La(4-OHCin)3] was incorporated into a known sol–gel formulation with the aim of improving the overall corrosion resistance of the derived coating. Since the final properties of these sol–gel coatings are dependent on the hydrolysis and condensation reactions of the alkoxide precursors, as well as the polymerisation processes that occur in the organic component, the effect of adding an inhibiting agent, such as La(4-OHCin)3, on the sol–gel chemistry and the polymerisation process needs to be investigated. This study focuses on the role of La(4-OHCin)3 on the sol–gel formation when it is incorporated into two different sol–gel formulations (Si sol and Si–Ti sol). Its influence on hydrolysis and condensation reactions has been studied by 29Si NMR and the opening of the epoxide ring from one of the precursors has been monitored by 1H NMR and Fourier-transformed infrared. Differential scanning calorimetry and Thermogravimetric analysis have also been performed to investigate the effect of this compound on the thermal properties of the final materials synthesised. It has been observed that the addition of La(4-OHCin)3 plays an important catalytic role both in the organic and inorganic polymerisation of the different metal alkoxide precursors. Furthermore, this effect is enhanced when only silicon alkoxides are present in the formulation, as the titanium precursor also plays a role on this catalysis.

Highlights

  • The effect of adding La(4-OHCin)3 to two sol–gel formulations is studied.

  • La(4-OHCin)3 catalyses the polymerisation of silicon-based sol–gel formulations.

  • Titanium isopropoxide catalyses the polymerisation of Si–Ti-based sol–gel formulations.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the support of the Diputación Foral de Gipuzkoa through the project REANTI (Exp. 066/18) and the Basque Government for the Elkartek project Frontiers-V (ref. KK-2019/00077). They would also like to thank the Australian Research Council through grant DP180101465. The authors thank CIC BiomaGUNE and Daniel Padró for the help on the liquid NMR characterisation. The authors also would like to thank Inés Rincón and Gorka Imbuluzqueta for their help with TGA and DSC characterisation. The authors thank Miguel Pérez-Aradros for his help with the graphical abstract and the figures.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia

    Ana Suarez Vega, Anthony Somers & Maria Forsyth

  2. TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Mikeletegi Pasealekua 2, 20009, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain

    Ana Suarez Vega, Cecilia Agustín-Sáenz & Fabiola Brusciotti

  3. Polymat, Institute for Polymer Materials, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa72, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain

    Maria Forsyth

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  1. Ana Suarez Vega
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Correspondence to Ana Suarez Vega.

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Suarez Vega, A., Agustín-Sáenz, C., Brusciotti, F. et al. Effect of lanthanum 4-hydroxy cinnamate on the polymerisation, condensation and thermal stability of hybrid sol–gel formulations. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 96, 91–107 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-020-05315-x

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