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Silicate solubilizing bacteria UPMSSB7, a potential biocontrol agent against white root rot disease pathogen of rubber tree

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Abstract

Rigidoporus microporus is a causal agent of white root rot disease of rubber trees. Chemical control is commonly used against this disease but it is expensive, causes environmental pollution and fungal resistance. Silicon is a beneficial element which enhances plant growth and disease resistance but mostly present in insoluble forms. Silicate solubilizing bacteria (SSB) can solubilize the insoluble forms of silicates. This study aimed to screen and evaluate potential SSB with solubilizing activity, plant growth promoting traits and antagonistic activity against R. microporus. Bacteria were isolated from healthy rubber plantation area. Five out of 26 bacterial isolates which showed the ability to solubilize silicate on magnesium trisilicate media were screened in vitro for growth promoting traits and production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophores and hydrolytic enzymes. The investigation of antagonistic activity against R. microporus was conducted using dual culture test. The potential SSB isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The isolate UPMSSB7 showed the highest solubilization of silicate, phosphate (P) and potassium (K) (solubilizing index 4.67, 2.52 and 2.61, respectively). It also showed highest silicate solubilization at 5 and 10 days (9.76 and 11.55 mg L−1, respectively) in liquid assay. It strongly inhibited the growth of R. microporus with percent inhibition of radial growth of 57.24% and produced highest IAA (19.96 µg mL−1). All the isolates produced siderophores. Two isolates, UPMSSB7 and UPMSSB10, were able to secrete cellulase enzyme, but pectinase was produced by UPMSSB7 only. The isolate UPMSSB7 was identified as Enterobacter sp. This isolate was found to be the most potent antagonistic isolate against R. microporus and simultaneously the most efficient one in solubilizing insoluble silicates, as well as P and K.

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Abbreviations

IAA:

Indole-3-acetic acid

CAS:

Chrome Azurol S

CFU:

Colony forming units

CMC:

Carboxymethyl cellulose

LB:

Luria Bertani

NCBI:

National Center for Biotechnology Information

Nfb:

Nitrogen free bromothymol

PDA:

Potato dextrose agar

PGPR:

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria

PIRG:

Percent inhibition of radial growth

PVK:

Pikovskaya

rpm:

Rotation per minute

rRNA:

Ribosomal ribonucleic acid

SAS:

Statistical Analysis Software

SSB:

Silicate solubilizing bacteria

TSB:

Tryptic Soy Broth

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to express their sincere thanks to Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) for the Geran Putra IPB (Sub-Project) research Grant (GP-IPB/2017/9523502) and also to Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU), Multan, Pakistan for granting foreign Ph.D. scholarship to Mr. Imran Shabbir.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia

    Imran Shabbir, Mohd Yusoff Abd Samad, Radziah Othman & Noraini Md Jaafar

  2. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia

    Mui-Yun Wong

  3. Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia

    Zulkefly Sulaiman

  4. Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Seri Kembangan, Malaysia

    Mohd Yusoff Abd Samad, Mui-Yun Wong & Zulkefly Sulaiman

  5. Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

    Imran Shabbir & Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari

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  1. Imran Shabbir
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Shabbir, I., Samad, M.Y.A., Othman, R. et al. Silicate solubilizing bacteria UPMSSB7, a potential biocontrol agent against white root rot disease pathogen of rubber tree. J Rubber Res 23, 227–235 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42464-020-00052-w

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