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Effect of temperature on disease severity of charcoal rot of melons caused by Macrophomina phaseolina: implications for selection of resistance sources

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Abstract

Macrophomina phaseolina is the causal agent of charcoal rot disease of melons causing significant losses worldwide. Use of resistant cultivars is a desirable method for controlling this disease, but there is no information about the influence of temperature on the resistant behavior found in melon accessions. The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of temperature on the reaction of six melon accessions selected previously for their resistant response to M. phaseolina. Accessions were inoculated with M. phaseolina isolate CMM-1531 and grown under accurately controlled environmental conditions at different temperature regimes (25, 28, 31, and 34 °C) in a replicated experiment. The increase in temperature increased the severity of symptoms in most genotypes, but this effect was less pronounced in the highly susceptible control, the cultivar ‘Piel de sapo’, and in the most resistant accession, the wild African agrestis Ag-15591Ghana, that remained resistant even at 34 °C. The use of several screening temperatures allowed a better characterization of accessions that behaved similarly as highly resistant at 25 °C (Con-Pat81Ko, Dud-QMPAfg, Can-NYIsr and Ag-C38Nig), but in which resistance breaking was observed with temperature rises. Temperatures of 28 °C and 31 °C were sufficient to make Dud-QMPAfg, Ag-C38Nig and Can-NYIsr moderately resistant, whereas Con-Pat81Ko remained highly resistant. All these genotypes were susceptible at 34 °C, which suggest that are not suitable for hot-climate growing areas. The most promising accession was Ag-15591Ghana, whose resistance was confirmed in two greenhouse experiments under stressful temperatures (>34 °C). The behavior of these sources should be confirmed in naturally infested fields, but the controlled screening methods presented here are essential to characterize new resistance sources and to conduct genetic studies when a high number of plants must be managed under controlled environmental conditions.

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Acknowledgements

Authors acknowledge to Gorka Perpiñá and Eva María Martínez for the multiplication of part of the plant material.

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All authors asure that all data and materials as well as software application or custom code support the published claims and comply with field standards.

Funding

This work was supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior CAPES (Brazil). This study was also partially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad project AGL2014–53398-C2–2-R, by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades project AGL2017–85563-C2–1-R and by the Conselleria d’Educació, Investigació, Cultura i Esports de la Generalitat Valenciana PROMETEO project para grupos de excelencia/2017/078 (cofunded with FEDER funds).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Sciences, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (UFERSA), Av. Francisco Mota, 572, Mossoró, CEP 59.625-900, Brazil

    Cheyla Magdala de Sousa Linhares, Márcia Michelle Queiroz Ambrósio, Salvador Barros Torres & Glauber Henrique de Sousa Nunes

  2. Institute for the Conservation and Breeding of Agricultural Biodiversity (COMAV) of the Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain

    Gabriel Castro, Cristina Esteras & Belén Picó

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  1. Cheyla Magdala de Sousa Linhares
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  2. Márcia Michelle Queiroz Ambrósio
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  3. Gabriel Castro
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  4. Salvador Barros Torres
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Contributions

Glauber Henrique de Sousa Nunes, Márcia Michelle Queiroz Ambrósio and Belén Picó contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Glauber Henrique de Sousa Nunes, Cheyla Magdala de Sousa Linhares, Márcia Michelle Queiroz Ambrósio and Salvador Barros Torres. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Belén Picó, Glauber Henrique de Sousa Nunes and Cristina Esteras. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Belén Picó.

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de Sousa Linhares, C.M., Ambrósio, M.M.Q., Castro, G. et al. Effect of temperature on disease severity of charcoal rot of melons caused by Macrophomina phaseolina: implications for selection of resistance sources. Eur J Plant Pathol 158, 431–441 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-02083-w

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