Abstract
A brief introduction of the time-filtered Navier–Stokes (TFNS) equations for very large eddy simulation (VLES) and its distinct features is presented. A set of nonlinear subscale models and their advantages over the linear subscale eddy viscosity models are described. A guideline for conducting a TFNS/VLES simulation is also provided. In this paper, we present simulations for three turbulent flows. The first one is the turbulent pipe flow at both low and high Reynolds numbers to illustrate the basic features of TFNS/VLES; the second one is the swirling turbulent flow in an LM6000 single injector to further demonstrate the differences between the results from nonlinear models versus linear viscosity models; the third one is a more complex turbulent flow generated in a single-element lean direct injection combustor, which demonstrates that the current TFNS/VLES approach is capable of predicting dynamically important, unsteady turbulent structures even with a relatively coarse mesh grid.
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Acknowledgements
This work is supported by the NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program. The authors would like to thank Farhad Davoudzadeh for providing the numerical grid of the single-element LDI combustor. Authors would also like to thank Andrew Higgins and Chin-Hao Chang for their critical comments and detailed advice to our manuscript.
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Communicated by C.-H. Chang.
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Shih, TH., Moder, J.P. & Liu, NS. Nonlinear subscale turbulent models for very large eddy simulation of turbulent flows. Shock Waves 29, 1155–1179 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-019-00915-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-019-00915-1