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Effect of diethyl ether and ethanol as an oxygenated additive on Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel in CI engine

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Abstract

The present experimental investigation is conducted to examine the working characteristics of compression ignition (CI) engine using oxygenated additives such as diethyl ether and ethanol to the blends of Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel. Experiments are conducted on a water-cooled single-cylinder constant speed DI (direct injection) diesel engine under same operating circumstances. The results indicates that an enhancement of brake thermal efficiency is up to 3.7% and 6.2% with an addition of ethanol and DEE additive in biodiesel blended fuels respectively at maximum load condition. This is attributable to the existence of higher oxygen value and volatile nature of the additives. The combustion characteristics like in-cylinder pressure and net heat release rate of DEE blended fuels are 1.1–5.2% and 0.4–2.7% higher than other blends respectively. This is mainly due to higher cetane number and high volatile nature of DEE. This also results in higher NOX emissions. But 2–9% drop in nitrous oxide emission is noticed for biodiesel with ethanol blends compared to all other blends. This is as a result of superior latent heat of vaporization and lesser cetane number of ethanol which results in lower cylinder pressure about 0.4–2.6% and this end up with more unburned HC and CO emissions. Energy and exergy studies help to analyze the result of ethanol and DEE additive along with blends of biodiesel. The exergy efficiencies of DEE blended fuels enhance up to 2.3–6% compared to other blends at all load conditions. This is attributable to the superior combustion characteristics of DEE.

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Abbreviations

BD:

Biodiesel blends

BDD:

Biodiesel + diesel + diethyl ether

BDE:

Biodiesel + diesel + ethanol

CIME:

Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester

BTE:

Brake thermal efficiency

BSFC:

Brake-specific fuel consumption

BSEC:

Brake-specific energy consumption

CI:

Compression ignition

CO:

Carbon monoxide

CN:

Cetane number

CO2 :

Carbon dioxide

DI:

Direct injection

FFA:

Free fatty acid

HC :

Hydrocarbon

HV:

Heating value

ID:

Ignition delay

∆Hvap :

Latent heat of vaporization

MFB:

Mass fraction burned

NHRR:

Net hear release rate

NOx :

Oxides of nitrogen

NaOH:

Sodium hydroxide

O2 :

Oxygen

RMSM:

Root mean square method

10BD:

10% biodiesel and 90% diesel in volume

20BD:

20% biodiesel and 90% diesel in volume

10BDD:

10% biodiesel 85% diesel and 5% diethyl ether in volume

20BDD:

20% biodiesel 75% diesel and 5% diethyl ether in volume

10BDE:

10% biodiesel, 85% diesel and 5% ethanol in volume

20BDE:

20% biodiesel, 75% diesel and 5% ethanol in volume

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Tamilnadu, 638060, India

    Ayyasamy Tamilvanan, Pandiaraj Selvakumar & Subbaiyan Dhamotharan

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, IRTT, Tamilnadu, 638316, India

    Kulendran Balamurugan

  3. School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India

    Bragadeshwaran Ashok

  4. Department of Automobile Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Tamilnadu, 638060, India

    Moorthy Bharathiraja

  5. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India

    Viswanathan Karthickeyan

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  1. Ayyasamy Tamilvanan
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  2. Kulendran Balamurugan
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  3. Bragadeshwaran Ashok
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  4. Pandiaraj Selvakumar
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  5. Subbaiyan Dhamotharan
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Correspondence to Bragadeshwaran Ashok.

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Statement of novelty

CI engine output characteristics are improved by biodiesel from Calophyllum inophyllum biomass along with oxygenated additive such as diethyl ether and ethanol.

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Tamilvanan, A., Balamurugan, K., Ashok, B. et al. Effect of diethyl ether and ethanol as an oxygenated additive on Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel in CI engine. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 33880–33898 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10624-3

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