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Spatial distribution of heavy metals in soils of the flood plain of the Seversky Donets River (Russia) based on geostatistical methods

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Abstract

Soil contamination by heavy metals (HM) is a worldwide problem for human health. To reduce risk to human health from exposure to toxic chemicals associated with soil contamination, it is necessary to monitor and assess HM concentrations in the soil for places where the concentration exceeds the acceptable levels. Spatial patterning is a necessary tool for assessment of the exposure risk of HM contamination. Soil sampling (n = 65) was carried out in technogenically polluted soils located at Rostov oblast to study the content and spatial distribution of four HM (Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cr) in the surface layer (0–20 cm) of the impact zone of former Lake Atamanskoe (floodplain of the Seversky Donets River valley, Rostov region) with an area of 3.91 km2. Extremely high values of HM concentrations were found with the maximum values of 702 mg/kg, 72,886 mg/kg, 2300 mg/kg, 259 mg/kg for Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cr, respectively. Inverse distance-weighted (IDW) interpolation was used to prepare 3D monoelement images of HM. Lognormal kriging and indicator kriging techniques were applied to create elemental spatial distribution maps and HM probability maps. The results showed that the total content of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cr was moderately spatially dependent (nugget-to-sill ratio ranged from 31 to 38%), whereas the contamination index Zc formed strong spatial dependence patterns (nugget-to-sill ratio ranged from 0 to 21.4%). The obtained results of this study could serve as a guide to the authorities in identifying those areas which need remediation. Moreover, this study provides a tool for assessing the hygienic situation in the vicinity of Kamensk-Shakhtinsky (Rostov region) for decision making that can help to minimize the environmental risk of technogenic soil contamination of HM.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (no. 0852-2020-0029), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grants no.19-34-60041) and budget theme 0137-2019-0008 (GEOKHI RAS).

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  1. Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygina st., 19., Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991

    Vitaly G. Linnik

  2. Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, 344006

    Tatiana V. Bauer

  3. Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation, 344006

    Tatiana M. Minkina, Saglara S. Mandzhieva & Mahmoud Mazarji

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Linnik, V.G., Bauer, T.V., Minkina, T.M. et al. Spatial distribution of heavy metals in soils of the flood plain of the Seversky Donets River (Russia) based on geostatistical methods. Environ Geochem Health 44, 319–333 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00688-y

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