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Estimation of the \(\boldsymbol{p+\textrm{He}}\) Fraction in the Mass Composition of Primary Cosmic Radiation the Energy Range of \(\boldsymbol{E_{0}=1}\)–100 PeV according to Gamma-Ray Families Featuring Halo

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Abstract

The present article reports on an analysis of the properties that gamma-ray families featuring a halo exhibit in the cores of extensive air showers (EAS). The events under analysis were obtained in the XREC (x-ray emulsion chambers) PAMIR experiment, and the properties of these events were studied at distances extending up to about 10 cm from the EAS axis with a resolution of approximately 30 \(\mu\)m. The investigation of the parameters of events in EAS cores by the halo method permitted analyzing the mass composition of primary cosmic radiation (PCR) at \(E_{0}=10\) PeV and assessing the fraction of light nuclei in PCR, which depend only slightly on the model of EAS propagation through the atmosphere. From an analysis of gamma-ray families featuring a halo and multicenter halos obtained in the PAMIR XREC, it was found that the fraction of the (\(p+\textrm{He}\)) component of PCR was about 40\({\%}\). The properties of proton-induced EAS events detected at the Tien-Shan high-mountain Scientific Station (TShSS) were studied along with the KASCADE-Grande experimental data. On the basis of studying the dependence of the EAS age and \(N_{\mu}\) on \(N_{e}\) in the TShSS EAS (EAS \(+\) XREC TShSS) data, it is concluded that PCR mass composition becomes heavier in the range of \(E_{0}=1\)–100 PeV.

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  1. Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia

    V. S. Puchkov & S. E. Pyatovsky

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Puchkov, V.S., Pyatovsky, S.E. Estimation of the \(\boldsymbol{p+\textrm{He}}\) Fraction in the Mass Composition of Primary Cosmic Radiation the Energy Range of \(\boldsymbol{E_{0}=1}\)–100 PeV according to Gamma-Ray Families Featuring Halo. Phys. Atom. Nuclei 83, 237–246 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1063778820010111

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