Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Graphite Melting at “Low” Temperature

  • THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
  • Published:
High Temperature Aims and scope

Abstract

The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the arc discharge between the graphite electrodes in an argon atmosphere at a pressure of 0.1–100 kPa. The discharge was ignited after the destruction of a graphite bar heated by a fixed electric current and maintained for ~103 s at a temperature of ~3 kK. Evidence of the formation of liquid phase on the surface of the graphite electrodes at a temperature of ~3.2 kK is presented. Data on the saturated carbon vapor pressure are discussed. The pressure in the carbon triple point does not exceed ~0.1 kPa.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Fig. 6.
Fig. 7.
Fig. 8.
Fig. 9.
Fig. 10.
Fig. 11.
Fig. 12.
Fig. 13.
Fig. 14.
Fig. 15.
Fig. 16.

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen, the data on 3 October, 2019.

REFERENCES

  1. Bundy, F.P., Basset, W.A., Weathers, M.S., et al., Carbon, 1996, vol. 34, no. 2, p. 141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Whittaker, A.G., Nature, 1978, vol. 276, p. 695.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. Bundy, F.P., J. Chem. Phys., 1963, vol. 38, no. 3, p. 618.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. Kirillin, A.V., Kovalenko, M.D., Sheindlin, M.A., and Zhivopistsev, V.S., Teplofiz.Vys. Temp., 1985, vol. 23, no. 4, p. 699.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Sheindlin, M.A. and Senchenko, V.N., Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1988, vol. 298, p. 1383.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Baitin, A.V., Lebedev, A.A., Romanenko, S.V., and Sheindlin, M.A., High Temp.—High Pressures, 1990, vol. 21, p. 157.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Musella, M., Ronchi, C., Brykin, M.V., and Sheindlin, M.A., J. Appl. Phys., 1998, vol. 84, p. 2530.

  8. Basharin, A.Yu., Brykin, M.V., Marin, M.Yu., Pakhomov, I.S., and Sitnikov, S.F., High Temp., 2004, vol. 42, no. 1, p. 60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Son, E.E. and Sheindlin, M.A., Izv. Ross. Akad. Nauk, Energ., 2011, no. 5, p. 88.

  10. Savvatimskiy, A.I., Carbon, 2005, vol. 43, p. 1115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Lummer, O., Verflussing der Kohle und Herstellung der Sonnentemperatur (Melting of Carbon and Production of The Sun Temperatures), Braunschweig: F. Vieweg, 1914.

  12. Whittaker, A.G. and Kintner, P.L., Carbon, 1985, vol. 23, no. 3, p. 255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Asinovskii, E.I., Kirillin, A.V., and Kostanovskii, A.V., Phys.—Usp., 2002, vol. 45, no. 8, p. 869.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. Asinovskii, E.I., Batenin, V.M., Klimovskii, I.I., and Markovets, V.V., Dokl. Phys., 1999, vol. 44, no. 12, p. 793.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. Asinovskii, E.I., Batenin, V.M., Klimovskii, I.I., and Markovets, V.V., High Temp., 2001, vol. 39, no. 5, p.739.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Asinovskii, E.I., Kiselev, V.I., Mendeleev, V.Ya., Polishchuk, V.P., and Skovorod’ko, S.N., High Temp., 2006, vol. 44, no. 3, p.396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Asinovskii, E.I., Kiselev, V.I., Mendeleev, V.Ya., Polishchuk, V.P., and Skovorod’ko, S.N., The study of phase transformations on the surface of graphite at high temperatures by Stokes polarimetry, Preprint Joint Inst. for High Temperatures, Russ. Acad. Sci., Moscow, 2004, no. 1-474.

  18. Asinovskii, E.I., Kiselev, V.I., Lubnin, E.N., Mendeleev, V.Ya., Polishchuk, V.P., Samoilov, I.S., and Skovorod’ko, S.N., The study of phase transformations on the surface of graphite at high temperatures by Stokes polarimetry, part 2, Preprint Joint Inst. for High Temperatures, Russ. Acad. Sci., Moscow, 2007, no. 1-495.

  19. Orekhov, N.D. and Stegailov, V.V., Dokl. Phys., 2015, vol. 60, no. 3, p. 109.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. Orekhov, N.D. and Stegailov, V.V., High Temp., 2014, vol. 52, no. 2, p. 198.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Amirov, R.Kh., Kiselev, V.I., Mendeleev, V.Ya., Polistchook, V.P., Samoilov, I.S., and Skovorod’ko, S.N., High Temp., 2016, vol. 54, no. 5, p. 644.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Polishchuk, V.P., Samoilov, I.S., Amirov, R.Kh., and Kiselev, V.I., High Temp., 2018, vol. 56, no. 3, p. 327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Polistchook, V.P., Samoylov, I.S., Amirov, R.Kh., and Kiselev, V.I., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 2017, vol. 927, 012042.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Basset, J., J. Phys. Radium, 1939, vol. 10, p. 217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Zhukov, M.F., Kozlov, N.P., Pustogarov, A.V., et al., Prielektrodnye protsessy v dugovykh razryadakh (Near-Electrode Processes in Arc Discharges), Moscow: Nauka, 1982.

  26. Raizer, Yu.P., Fizika gazovogo razryada (Gas Discharge Physics), Moscow: Nauka, 1987.

  27. Fizicheskie velichiny. Spravochnik (Physical Quantities: A Reference Book), Grigor’ev, I.S. and Meilikhov, E., Eds., Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 1991.

  28. Wagner, R.S. and Ellis, W.C., Appl. Phys. Lett., 1964, vol. 4, no. 5, p. 89.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. Skovorod’ko, S.N., Amirov, R.Kh., Grigorevskii, A.V., Kiselev, V.I., Mendeleev, V.Ya., Polistchook, V.P., Prosvirikov, V.M., and Samoylov, I.S., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 2019, vol. 1147, 012088.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Colonna, F., Los, J.H., Fasolino, A., and Meijer, E.J., Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter Mater. Phys., 2009, vol. 80, 134103.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. Nesmeyanov, A.N., Davlenie para khimicheskikh elementov (Vapor Pressure of Chemical Elements), Moscow: Akad. Nauk SSSR, 1961.

  32. Pound, G.M., J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, 1972, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 135.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. Kareev, V.A., Kurs fizicheskoi khimii (Physical Chemistry), Moscow: Khimiya, 1975.

  34. Whittaker, A.G. and Kintner, P.L., Carbon, 1976, vol. 14, p. 257.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Sivukhin, D.V., Obshchii kurs fiziki. Mekhanika (General Physics. Mechanics), Moscow: Nauka, 1979.

  36. Svoistva konstruktsionnykh materialov na osnove ugleroda. Spravochnik (Properties of Carbon-Based Structural Materials: A Reference Book), Sosedov, V.P., Ed., Moscow: Metallurgiya, 1975.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors are grateful to Academician V.E. Fortov for useful discussions of the work at the seminar of the Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences. We are also grateful to G.E. Valliano, who took the electron microscope images of the electrodes.

Funding

The presented experiments were supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 06-08-00056a.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125412, Moscow, Russia

    V. P. Polishchuk, I. S. Samoilov, R. Kh. Amirov, A. V. Kirillin & V. I. Kiselev

Authors
  1. V. P. Polishchuk
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. I. S. Samoilov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. R. Kh. Amirov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. V. Kirillin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. V. I. Kiselev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to V. P. Polishchuk or I. S. Samoilov.

Additional information

Translated by I. Dikhter

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Polishchuk, V.P., Samoilov, I.S., Amirov, R.K. et al. Graphite Melting at “Low” Temperature. High Temp 58, 197–212 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0018151X20020157

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S0018151X20020157

Search

Navigation