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Experimental method of judging suitability of simulation model for dichromatic color appearance

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Abstract

There are color vision barrier-free conversion algorithms that are used to improve the contrast in images for dichromats. The algorithms focus on whether dichromats can distinguish a combination of colors and often use a simulation model of color appearance for dichromats. To adjust the algorithms for individual dichromats, it is necessary to investigate whether the simulation model used is suitable for them in the vicinity of the color discrimination threshold \({\Theta }\); however, there have been few such studies. In this paper, we propose a method of judging the suitability of a simulation model for dichromatic color appearance in the vicinity of \({\Theta }\) using psychophysical measurements. In our method, gradually changing colors in the RGB color space are presented (Presentation A) to a dichromat and \({\Theta }^\text {A}\) is obtained. Moreover, colors that are simulated by a target model are also presented (Presentation B) to the dichromat and \({\Theta }^\text {B}\) is obtained. The suitability of the simulation model for the dirchromat is quantitatively judged by comparing \({\Theta }^\text {A}\) and \({\Theta }^\text {B}\) using statistical methods. An application example of the proposed method is also described to concretely show the procedure of the method.

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Notes

  1. Since there are nonfunctioning cones in dichromats, some colors may be indistinguishable color for them and colors that are not accurately simulated may appear to be the same as accurately simulated colors. However, this proposed method does not examine the accuracy of a simulation, but judges the suitability assuming that the simulation is accurate. It is expected that the accuracy of the simulation can be verified by other methods, for example, the method of Jiang et al.

  2. In the case of Presentation A, \([\mathbf {O}_{\text {C}_i}]\) is identical to \(\mathbf {O}_{\text {C}_i}\).

  3. In the experiments in the literature [18], points that expressed the relationship between the color difference and the correct answer rate were well approximated by the Weibull function. The color difference for which the correct answer rate is 80% on the fitted Weibull function is considered to be \(\hat{{\Theta }}\).

  4. Even if an observer was unable to recognize the position of a small patch, he or she was required to give an answer. Therefore, the minimum correct answer rate will be about 50% when the amount of modulation is very small.

  5. In the case where neither null hypotheses is rejected, it cannot be concluded that the slope and intercept are not 1 and 0, respectively; this does not mean that the slope and intercept are 1 and 0, respectively. However, it suggests that the simulation model is unlikely to be unsuitable for the observer.

  6. The conversion between XYZ values and LMS values was in accordance with the literature [19].

  7. The luminance level of white is defined as 80 \(\text{cd/m}^{2}\) in sRGB. However, when this setting is adopted, the correct answer rate sometimes becomes 1 when the amount of modulation is 1 for \(\mathbf {O}=(204,204,204)\), which is used in our experiment. In that case, it cannot be concluded that the fitting of the correct answer rate with the Weibull function is valid.

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  1. Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, 467-8501, Japan

    Akiyo Yasui & Go Tanaka

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  1. Akiyo Yasui
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  2. Go Tanaka
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Correspondence to Go Tanaka.

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Yasui, A., Tanaka, G. Experimental method of judging suitability of simulation model for dichromatic color appearance. Opt Rev 27, 108–115 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10043-019-00570-y

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