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Novel method to quantify phenotypic markers of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder in a murine SCID model

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Abstract

Despite combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV infection in the CNS persists with reported increases in activation of macrophages (MΦ), microglia, and surrounding astrocytes/neurons, conferring HIV-induced inflammation. Chronic inflammation results in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) with reported occurrence of up to half of individuals with HIV infection. The existing HAND mouse model used by laboratories including ours, and the effect of novel agents on its pathology present with labor-intensive and time-consuming limitations since brain sections and immunohistochemistry assays have to be performed and analyzed. A novel flow cytometry-based system to objectively quantify phenotypic effects of HIV using a SCID mouse HAND model was developed which demonstrated that the HIV-infected mice had significant increases in astrogliosis, loss of neuronal dendritic marker, activation of murine microglia, and human macrophage explants compared to uninfected control mice. HIV p24 could also be quantified in the brains of the infected mice. Correlation of these impairments with HIV-induced brain inflammation and previous behavioral abnormalities studies in mice suggests that this model can be used as a fast and relevant throughput methodology to quantify preclinical testing of novel treatments for HAND.

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Funding

This work was funded in part by NIH grant 1RO1MH116695 (to RFS and WT), and P30AI050409 (Emory University Center for AIDS Research NIH grant P30AI050409) and VA Merit award 1I01BX001506-01A2 (to WT).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA

    Christina Gavegnano, Selwyn J. Hurwitz, James J. Kohler & Raymond F. Schinazi

  2. Emory Center for AIDS Research (CFAR), Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA

    Christina Gavegnano, Selwyn J. Hurwitz, James J. Kohler, William R. Tyor & Raymond F. Schinazi

  3. Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30209, USA

    Woldeab Haile, Raj Koneru & William R. Tyor

  4. Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA

    Woldeab Haile, Raj Koneru & William R. Tyor

Authors
  1. Christina Gavegnano
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  2. Woldeab Haile
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  3. Raj Koneru
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  4. Selwyn J. Hurwitz
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  5. James J. Kohler
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  6. William R. Tyor
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  7. Raymond F. Schinazi
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Correspondence to William R. Tyor or Raymond F. Schinazi.

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Gavegnano, C., Haile, W., Koneru, R. et al. Novel method to quantify phenotypic markers of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder in a murine SCID model. J. Neurovirol. 26, 838–845 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-020-00842-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-020-00842-3

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